Hepatic lipogenesis marked by GCKR-modulated triglycerides increases serum FGF21 in children/teens with obesity.

Aims: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) decreases hepatic lipogenesis in animal models, and FGF21 analogues decrease serum triglycerides (TG) in adults in phase-2 trials. On the other hand, serum FGF21 is associated with higher TG in observational studies of people with obesity, raising a sort of paradox. We tested the hypothesis that FGF21 is induced by TG in youth with obesity, as a compensatory mechanism.

Variant reclassification over time decreases the level of diagnostic uncertainty in monogenic obesity: Experience from two centres.

Background: The diagnosis of monogenic obesity is burdened by frequent variants of uncertain significance (VUS). We describe our real-life approach of variant reassessment over time and we assess whether inconclusive variants are decreasing in monogenic obesity.

Methods: We tested for monogenic obesity (genes: LEPR, POMC, ADCY3, PCSK1, CARTPT, SIM1, MRAP2, LEP, NTRK2, BDNF, KSR2, MAGEL2, SH2B1, MC4R, MC3R) in 101 children/adolescents (11.

Glycaemic control metrics and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: The aim was to examine the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and its association with glycaemic control metrics in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 244 children and adolescents with T1D (115 girls, mean age: 16.2 ± 3.

A longitudinal study of glucose tolerance in cystic fibrosis: the central role of beta cell functional mass.

Context: The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the natural history of glucose intolerance and its fluctuations in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) are still unclear.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between longitudinal changes in glucose tolerance and concomitant changes in the main parameters of insulin secretion/metabolism/action determining glucose regulation in CF subjects.

Methods: Insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS, a biomarker of beta cell functional mass), as estimated by the Oral Glucose Sensitivity Index (OGIS) and by a sophisticated mathematical model, respectively, and insulin clearance were assessed in 127 CF subjects, aged 10-25 years, who underwent two OGTT tests over at least 1-year follow-up period.

IGF1 and PPARG polymorphisms are associated with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate in a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Several genetic loci have been associated with diabetic nephropathy; however, the underlying genetic mechanisms are still poorly understood, with no robust candidate genes identified yet.

Aim: We aimed to determine whether two polymorphisms, previously associated with renal decline, influence kidney impairment evaluating their association with markers of renal function in a pediatric population with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Material And Methods: Renal function was evaluated by glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in a cohort of pediatric subjects with T1D (n = 278).

Oral Microbiota in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of Dental and Periodontal Disease.

The oral microbiota can be influenced by multiple factors, but only a few studies have focused on the role of glycemic control in determining early alterations of oral microbiota and their association with pathogenesis of both periodontitis and caries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interplay between bacteria composition, oral hygiene, and glycemic control in a cohort of children with T1D. A total of 89 T1D children were enrolled (62% males, mean age: 12.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Insulin Resistance and Associated Genetic Variants.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is an important cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF), also in subjects with T1D, but the influence of the genetic predisposition of insulin resistance on cardiovascular risk is still unknown in T1D. We aimed to determine whether a genetic score composed of six variants, previously associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, associates with insulin sensitivity and known CVRFs in children and adolescents with T1D.

FADS cluster variants are associated with insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Changes in the desaturation activity of LC-PUFAs may influence insulin sensitivity by modulating the relative abundance of omega-3. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the association between genetic variants of fatty acid desaturase cluster genes (FADS1, FADS2, FADS3) and insulin sensitivity in a cohort of children and adolescents with obesity. Anthropometric evaluation, lipid profile, glucose metabolism parameters and the genotype of rs1535 on FADS2 gene were assessed.

Impact of CFTR Modulators on Beta-Cell Function in Children and Young Adults with Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: To date, no consistent data are available on the possible impact of CFTR modulators on glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that treatment with CFTR modulators is associated with an improvement in the key direct determinants of glucose regulation in children and young adults affected by Cystic Fibrosis (CF).

Methods: In this study, 21 CF patients aged 10-25 underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after 12-18 months of treatment with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor or Elexacaftor-Ivacaftor-Tezacaftor.