Quantification of Extracellular Volume in CT in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: New Frontiers in Assessing the Cardiotoxicity of Anthracyclines and Trastuzumab.

Breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclines or trastuzumab can suffer cardiotoxic issues. Nowadays, the markers of cardiac damage are still not reliable, and extracellular volume (ECV) calculated from CT could be a promising cardiotoxic marker. Eighty-two patients, treated with two different chemotherapy regimens based on doxorubicin (DOX) or epirubicin-trastuzumab (EPI-TRAS), were retrospectively selected and the variations in extracellular volume (ECV) values were measured and analyzed.

Role of computed tomography in transcatheter replacement of 'other valves': a comprehensive review of preprocedural imaging.

Transcatheter procedures for heart valve repair or replacement represent a valid alternative for treating patients who are inoperable or at a high risk for open-heart surgery. The transcatheter approach has become predominant over surgical intervention for aortic valve disease, but it is also increasingly utilized for diseases of the 'other valves', that is the mitral and, to a lesser extent, tricuspid and pulmonary valve. Preprocedural imaging is essential for planning the transcatheter intervention and computed tomography has become the main imaging modality by providing information that can guide the type of treatment and choice of device as well as predict outcome and prevent complications.

Background Parenchymal Enhancement in Contrast-enhanced Spectral Mammography: A Retrospective Analysis and a Pictorial Review of Clinical Cases.

Background/aim: Despite the popularity of contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM), univocal classification of the background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), a bilateral enhancement of the normal breast parenchyma after contrast administration, is lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate the application of BPE Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Magnetic Resonance (BI-RADS-MR) score for the CESM BPE. Moreover, a pictorial review of four different cases with CESM is provided.

Pseudoaneurysm of the aortic root following aortic valve endocarditis - a case with 2 rare life - threatening complications.

Infective endocarditis can have peri-annular spread and involve the valvular annulus and adjacent cardiac structures, leading to tissue necrosis and peri-annular abscess. This process may cause pseudoaneurysm formation and other rare and potentially life-threatening complications, so their identification and correct diagnosis are crucial. We describe a case of an 81-year-old woman, with a history of aortic valve replacement and worsening of symptoms, that presents at the imaging a pseudoaneurysm of the aortic root complicated at the same time by 2 life-threatening conditions: fistulization in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) and the compression of Right Coronary Artery (RCA).

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with unruptured aortic root pseudoaneurysm: an observational study.

Aims: Unruptured aortic root pseudoaneurysm (UARP) is a rare complication of aortic valve endocarditis. Infectious spread to the valvular annulus or myocardium can cause septic complications that manifest as wall thickening, and spontaneous abscess drainage leads to pseudoaneurysm formation. We report the first patient series in which transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using a single valve-resolved aortic valvulopathy associated with UARP was performed.

Primary Extranodal Follicular T-Cell Lymphoma and Ductal Breast Carcinoma Diagnosed by a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are low-grade B-cell lymphomas and the breast is not a common site for this condition. This case report describes a 62-year-old woman with a primary NHL and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the left breast diagnosed by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy. The simultaneous diagnosis of breast cancer and NHL is rare, with few cases described in the literature.

Relationship between septo-valvular angle and risk of pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a preliminary study.

Aim: Pre-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) computed tomography (CT) has proven to be crucial in identifying pre- and post-procedural predicting factors predisposing the onset of major arrhythmias that require permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation caused by the compressive effects of the prostheses on the conduction system at the membranous septum (MS) and the muscular crest of the interventricular septum.Our analysis aims to verify if the pre-TAVI assessment of the angle between the MS and the aortic annulus (SVA) might be a predictive factor for the onset of arrhythmias that requires PPM.

Methods: Two cardiovascular specialist radiologists retrospectively and double-blind evaluated a randomized list of preprocedural CT of 57 patients who underwent TAVI with a self-expandable valve from April 2019 to February 2020.

Chest Computed Tomography Scoring in Patients With Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia: Correlation With Clinical and Laboratory Features and Disease Outcome.

Background/aim: This study investigated the correlation of chest computed tomography (CT), findings, graded using two different scoring methods, with clinical and laboratory features and disease outcome, including a novel clinical predictive score, in patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCIP).

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, CT scan of 92 NCIP patients admitted to Policlinico Tor Vergata, were analyzed using a quantitative, computed-based and a semiquantitative, radiologist-assessed scoring system. Correlations of the two radiological scores with clinical and laboratory features, the CALL score, and their association with a composite adverse outcome were assessed.

Association of plaque calcification pattern and attenuation with instability features and coronary stenosis and calcification grade.

Background And Aims: Coronary computed tomography (CT) allows calculating coronary artery calcium score (CACS). However, other CT features might be more strongly related to plaque vulnerability and risk of future coronary events. This study investigated the association of plaque calcification pattern and attenuation with plaque instability features, coronary artery disease (CAD) grade and CACS.

Association of segmental T2 ratio and late gadolinium enhancement in patients with acute myocarditis: a feasibility study.

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis, but dyspnea or chest pain often reduce patient's compliance, so definition of faster magnetic resonance protocols is of paramount importance.

Methods: Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and phase sensitive inversion recovery images for the assessment of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)of 22 patients with clinical suspicion of acute myocarditis were retrospectively evaluated. Signal intensity in STIR images was measured by 2 readers by placing region of interests (ROIs) within the area of maximal signal intensity in each myocardial segment derived from the ACC/AHA segmental scheme.

Evaluation of Ultrasound-guided 8-Gauge Vacuum-assisted Excision System for the Removal of US-detectable Breast Lesions.

Aim: To assess the ability of ultrasound (US)-guided vacuum-assisted breast excision (VAE) to remove Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) ≥3 breast lesions in order to analyze US features most frequently associated with complete excision.

Materials And Methods: A total of 266 BI-RADS ≥3 lesions without microcalcifications underwent US-VAE. US-VAE and gold standard pathological results were compared.

Role of computed tomography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation and valve-in-valve implantation: complete review of preprocedural and postprocedural imaging.

: Since 2002, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has revolutionized the treatment and prognosis of patients with aortic stenosis. A preprocedural assessment of the patient is vital for achieving optimal outcomes from the procedure. Retrospective ECG-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) today it is the gold-standard imaging technique that provides three-dimensional images of the heart, thus allowing a rapid and complete evaluation of the morphology of the valve, ascending aorta, coronary arteries, peripheral access vessels, and prognostic factors, and also provides preprocedural coplanar fluoroscopic angle prediction to obtain complete assessment of the patient.

Recurrent MALT lymphoma presenting as renal calyceal-pelvic rupture. What is the cause of this break?

Urinary collecting system rupture is an uncommon condition that usually occurs with symptoms of acute abdomen, secondary to peritoneal irritation by urine leaking. We report a case of a 49-year-old man admitted to our emergency department because of a worsening deep lower abdominal pain started 3 days before. The abdominal computed tomography revealed urine extravasation suggesting for urinoma.