Autoantibodies Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and RAS-Related Molecules in Post-Acute COVID Vaccination Syndrome: A Retrospective Case Series Study.

: While post-acute COVID-19 syndrome is well known and extensively studied, the post-acute COVID vaccination syndrome (PACVS) is a more recent nosological entity that is poorly defined at the immunopathological level, although it shares many symptoms with the sequelae of viral infections. : This single-center retrospective study reports a case series of 17 subjects vaccinated with mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines who were healthy before vaccination and had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2 but who presented with symptoms similar to PACVS for a median time of 20 months (min 4, max 32). The medical records of all patients referred to our outpatient clinic over a one-year period were retrospectively analyzed.

The AβA2V paradigm: From molecular insights to therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathies.

Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of dementia globally, represents an unresolved clinical challenge due to its complex pathogenesis and the absence of effective treatments. Considering the multifactorial etiology of the disease, mainly characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein, we discuss the A673V mutation in the gene coding for the amyloid precursor protein, which is associated with the familial form of Alzheimer's disease in a homozygous state. The mutation offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the disease, particularly regarding the contrasting roles of the A2V and A2T mutations in amyloid β peptide aggregation and toxicity.

Psycho-Neuro-EndocrinE-Immunology Therapy of Cancer, Autoimmunity, Geriatric Disorders, Covid-19, and Hypertension.

Despite the great number of experimental investigations in the area of psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunology showing that endocrine, nervous, and immune systems cannot be in vivo physiologically separated, the diagnosis and therapies of the pathologies of these three functional biological systems continue to be separately performed from a clinical practice point of view. The separation between experimental and clinical medicine became dramatic after the discovery of more than 10 human molecules provided by anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity, completely devoid of any toxicity, which may be subdivided into three fundamental classes, consisting of the pineal indole, beta-carboline, and methoxy-kynuramine hormones. Moreover, human systemic diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and cardiovascular pathologies, despite their different pathogenesis and symptomatology, are commonly characterized by a progressive decline in the endogenous production of pineal hormones, endocannabinoids, and Ang 1-7, with a consequent inflammatory status and diminished natural resistance against cancer.

Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia and Post-COVID-Vaccination Syndrome With Anti-G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Antibodies Treated With Therapeutic Plasma Exchange.

We present the case of a female who developed cerebral venous thrombosis with thrombocytopenia after inoculation with the anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaxzevria vaccine, followed by splanchnic thrombosis and diffuse hemorrhages. Despite receiving treatment, the complications increased, and hence therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was attempted, leading to laboratory and clinical improvements and discharge after a period of intensive care. Almost two years after the first episode, in the interim of which the patient complained of only minor symptoms such as asthenia and difficulty concentrating, she developed an epileptic syndrome that required neurological treatment.

Distribution of the hexanucleotide repeat expansion in healthy subjects: a multicenter study promoted by the Italian IRCCS network of neuroscience and neurorehabilitation.

Introduction: High repeat expansion (HRE) alleles in have been linked to both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD); ranges for intermediate allelic expansions have not been defined yet, and clinical interpretation of molecular data lacks a defined genotype-phenotype association. In this study, we provide results from a large multicenter epidemiological study reporting the distribution of repeats in healthy elderly from the Italian population.

Methods: A total of 967 samples were collected from neurologically evaluated healthy individuals over 70 years of age in the 13 institutes participating in the RIN (IRCCS Network of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation) based in Italy.

Autophagy Markers Are Altered in Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Frontotemporal Dementia.

The accumulation of protein aggregates defines distinct, yet overlapping pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In this study, we investigated ATG5, UBQLN2, ULK1, and LC3 concentrations in 66 brain specimens and 120 plasma samples from AD, DLB, FTD, and control subjects (CTRL). Protein concentration was measured with ELISA kits in temporal, frontal, and occipital cortex specimens of 32 AD, 10 DLB, 10 FTD, and 14 CTRL, and in plasma samples of 30 AD, 30 DLB, 30 FTD, and 30 CTRL.

Locking plates for distal fibula fractures in young and elderly patients: A retrospective study.

Background: Ankle fractures are common injuries in the young and elderly populations. To prevent post-traumatic arthritis, an anatomic reconstruction of the ankle structure is mandatory. Open reduction and internal fixation is the treatment of choice among orthopaedics.

Aβ1-6(D) peptide, effective on Aβ aggregation, inhibits tau misfolding and protects the brain after traumatic brain injury.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia in older adults, is a double proteinopathy characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. Despite enormous efforts that have been spent in the last decades to find effective therapies, late pharmacological interventions along the course of the disease, inaccurate clinical methodologies in the enrollment of patients, and inadequate biomarkers for evaluating drug efficacy have not allowed the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. The approaches followed so far for developing drugs or antibodies focused solely on targeting Aβ or tau protein.

Corrigendum: PMCA-based detection of prions in the olfactory mucosa of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.

Defining the phenotypic spectrum of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease MV2K: the kuru plaque type.

The current classification of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease identifies six major subtypes mainly defined by the combination of the genotype at polymorphic codon 129 (methionine/M or valine/V) of the prion protein gene and the type (1 or 2) of misfolded prion protein accumulating in the brain (e.g. MM1, MM2, MV1, MV2, etc.

Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage associated with early-onset cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes five decades after cadaveric dura mater graft.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a small vessel disease, causing spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the elderly. It is strongly associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), as most CAA patients show deposition of Aβ-i.e.

Semantic and right temporal variant of FTD: Next generation sequencing genetic analysis on a single-center cohort.

Semantic and right temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia (svFTD and rtvFTD) are rare clinical phenotypes in which, in most cases, the underlying pathology is TDP-43 proteinopathy. They are usually sporadic disorders, but recent evidences suggest a higher frequency of genetic mutations for the right temporal versus the semantic variant. However, the genetic basis of these forms is not clear.

A novel bio-inspired strategy to prevent amyloidogenesis and synaptic damage in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. AD pathogenesis is intricate. It primarily involves two main molecular players-amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau-which actually have an intrinsic trend to generate molecular assemblies that are toxic to neurons.

SORL1 gene mutation and octapeptide repeat insertion in PRNP gene in a case presenting with rapidly progressive dementia and cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has been associated with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, included prion diseases and Alzheimer's disease; its pathophysiology is still largely unknown. We report the case of an 80-year-old man with rapidly progressive dementia and neuroimaging features consistent with CAA carrying two genetic defects in the PRNP and SORL1 genes.

Methods: Neurological examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalographic-electromyographic (EEG-EMG) polygraphy, and analysis of 14-3-3 and tau proteins, Aβ40, and Aβ42 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were performed.

Subhepatic perforated acute appendicitis in a patient with midgut malrotation: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction And Importance: Subhepatic acute appendicitis (SHAA) is a very rare cause of acute abdomen, developing in association with two types of congenital anomalies like as midgut malrotation (MM) and maldescent of the caecum. Preoperative diagnosis of SHAA is a challenge because of its rarity and atypical presentation. Imaging may be helpful for determining the correct diagnosis.

Misdiagnosed desmoid fibromatosis of the chest wall presenting in emergency like as recurrence of post-traumatic hematoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction And Importance: Desmoid Fibromatosis (DF) represents a rare neoplasm developing from fascial and musculoaponeurotic structures. Preoperative diagnosis of DF is a challenge because of its rarity and nonspecific presentation. Imaging may be helpful for determining the correct diagnosis.

Serpin Signatures in Prion and Alzheimer's Diseases.

Serpins represent the most broadly distributed superfamily of proteases inhibitors. They contribute to a variety of physiological functions and any alteration of the serpin-protease equilibrium can lead to severe consequences. SERPINA3 dysregulation has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion diseases.

Psychological Impact of Predictive Genetic Testing for Inherited Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: The IT-DIAfN Protocol.

Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the psychological impact of predictive genetic testing in individuals at-risk for inherited dementia who underwent a structured counseling and testing protocol.

Methods: Participants were healthy at-risk relatives from families with at least one affected patient, in whom a disease-associated genetic variant had been ascertained. A comprehensive psychological assessment (personality, anxiety and depression, quality of life, coping strategies, resilience and health-related beliefs) was administered at baseline, at 6 months and 12 months follow-up.

The novel I213S mutation in PSEN1 gene is located in a hotspot codon associated with familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Mutations in presenilin 1 gene (PSEN1) are the most common causes of autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). We report a novel PSEN1 mutation (I213S) that was discovered in an Italian patient with a family history of early-onset dementia, who developed a slowly progressive cognitive decline since the age of 40 years. Clinical investigations, including neuropsychological assessment, brain MRI and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, as well as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, supported the diagnosis of EOAD.