Thymol as a Component of Chitosan Systems-Several New Applications in Medicine: A Comprehensive Review.

Thymol, a plant-derived monoterpene phenol known for its broad biological activity, has often been incorporated into chitosan-based biomaterials to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review from 2018 to 2023, focusing on the biomedical implications of thymol-loaded chitosan systems. A review of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted using specific keywords and search criteria.

Methylglyoxal in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Routes Leading to Pathology Counterbalanced by Treatment Strategies.

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the major compound belonging to reactive carbonyl species (RCS) responsible for the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Its upregulation, followed by deleterious effects at the cellular and systemic levels, is associated with metabolic disturbances (hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance/hyperlipidemia/inflammatory processes/carbonyl stress/oxidative stress/hypoxia). Therefore, it is implicated in a variety of disorders, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases.

Analysis of Methylglyoxal Concentration in a Group of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Prediabetes.

Background: The abnormal serum concentration of methylglyoxal (MGO) has been presented as an indicator of chronic complications in diabetes (DM). Because such complications are also found in pre-DM, we decided to assess the concentration of this compound in individuals with pre-DM, without cardio-vascular diseases.

Methods: Frozen samples from individuals newly diagnosed with pre-DM (N = 31) and healthy subjects (N = 11) were prepared and MGO concentration was determined using UHPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS.

A Citrus and Pomegranate Complex Reduces Methylglyoxal in Healthy Elderly Subjects: Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Clinical Trial.

Reactive α-dicarbonyls (α-DCs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), are potent precursors in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In particular, MGO and MGO-derived AGEs are thought to be involved in the development of vascular complications in diabetes. Experimental studies showed that citrus and pomegranate polyphenols can scavenge α-DCs.

In Vitro Antiglycation and Methylglyoxal Trapping Effect of Peppermint Leaf ( L.) and Its Polyphenols.

The most significant reactive α-dicarbonyl RCS involved in the pathomechanism of glycation and related diseases is methylglyoxal (MGO). Hyperglycemia promotes the generation of MGO and leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Therefore, MGO trapping and glycation inhibition appear to be important therapeutic targets in prediabetes, diabetes, and in the early prevention of hyperglycemic complications.

Polyphenol Profile of × L. and Its Relevance to Antioxidant Effect and α-Glucosidase Inhibition.

The European Food Safety Authority recommends as a natural source of antioxidants. Its activity is essentially determined by polyphenols, although specific compounds are not finally indicated. The available plant material comes from different subspecies and locations, which can lead to differences in chemical composition and potency.

Quantitative Determination of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in on the Basis of IR, NIR and Raman Spectra.

is a plant that has been used in natural medicine for hundreds of years; it works primarily as an antioxidant and cleansing agent. leaves or herb can be an attractive source of polyphenols and flavonoids. The official protocols of active compound analysis relies on the extraction of compounds of interest from plant matter, which makes their determination long and costly.

Aspalathin and Other Rooibos Flavonoids Trapped α-Dicarbonyls and Inhibited Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products In Vitro.

The excessive dietary intake of simple sugars and abnormal metabolism in certain diseases contribute to the increased production of α-dicarbonyls (α-DCs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO), the main precursors of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs play a vital role, for example, in the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. (Burman f.

cv. Senga Sengana Leaf: An Agricultural Waste with Antiglycation Potential and High Content of Ellagitannins, Flavonols, and 2-Pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic Acid.

Strawberry leaves are considered a valuable waste material; so far, mainly due to their antioxidant properties. Since the annual production of this crop is high, our study aimed to thoroughly examine the chemical composition and antidiabetes-related bioactivity of × leaf of its popular and productive cultivar Senga Sengana. Leaves from three different seasons, collected after fruiting, were extensively analyzed (UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS, HPLC-DAD).

Modulatory Impact of Lamiaceae Metabolites on Apoptosis of Human Leukemia Cells.

Lamiaceae species are rich sources of biologically active compounds which have been applied in medicine since ancient times. Especially their antineoplastic properties have been thoroughly studied with respect to their putative application in chemoprevention and adjuvant therapy of cancer. However, the most known biological effects of Lamiaceae have been ascribed to their essential oil fractions, whereas their (poly)phenolic metabolites being also abundant in these plants, are much less recognized, nevertheless contributing to their beneficial properties, such as anti-cancer actions.

Antioxidant and Antiglycation Effects of Water Infusion, Its Phenolic Components, and Respective Metabolites.

Reactive oxygen and carbonyl species promote oxidative and carbonyl stress, and the development of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and others. The traditional herb is known for its antioxidant properties; therefore, the current study aimed to assess how the chemical composition of a water infusion corresponds with its antioxidative and antiglycative effects in vitro. The composition of infusions prepared from commercial products was analyzed with UHPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS.

Stability of Rosmarinic Acid and Flavonoid Glycosides in Liquid Forms of Herbal Medicinal Products-A Preliminary Study.

Peppermint leaf, sage leaf, thyme herb, and their preparations are common components of herbal medicinal products (HMPs). According to the European Pharmacopoeia guidelines, the above-mentioned plant substances are standardized for the content of essential oils, omitting polyphenols, which also have a significant impact on their activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of the predominant polyphenols-rosmarinic acid, luteolin-7--β-glucuronide, and eriocitrin-in selected commercial liquid HMPs containing thyme, sage, and peppermint under long-term, intermediate, and accelerated testing conditions.

Potential of Vasoprotectives to Inhibit Non-Enzymatic Protein Glycation, and Reactive Carbonyl and Oxygen Species Uptake.

Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as methylglyoxal (MGO) or glyoxal (GO) are the main precursors of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a major factor in the development of vascular complications in diabetes. Vasoprotectives (VPs) exhibit a wide range of activities beneficial to cardiovascular health.

Punicalagin in Cancer Prevention-Via Signaling Pathways Targeting.

The extract of pomegranate () has been applied in medicine since ancient times due to its broad-spectrum health-beneficial properties. It is a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins and anthocyanins, exhibiting strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. Anticancer activities of pomegranate with reference to modulated signaling pathways in various cancer diseases have been recently reviewed.

Aspalathus linearis infusion affects hole-board test behaviour and amino acid concentration in the brain.

Rooibos tea, brewed using Aspalathus linearis leaves, is a popular South African herbal infusion, but its everyday intake is not fully described in terms of the neuropsychopharmacological outcomes. The cell-protective activity of A. linearis is connected with the ability of reducing glycaemia, inflammation as well as oxidative stress.

Investigation of the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Methylglyoxal Trapping Effect of L. Herb In Vitro.

L. has been known for centuries as an herbal medicine used to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes, but its comprehensive chemical composition and pharmacological activity are still insufficiently known. The current study involved the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidative and methylglyoxal (MGO) trapping properties of galega herb.

L. Stones: A Valuable By-Product as an Ellagitannin Source with High Antioxidant Potential.

The stone of L. remains the least known morphological part of this plant, whereas the fruit is appreciated for both consumption purposes and biological activity. The stone is considered to be a byproduct of fruit processing and very little is known about its phytochemical composition and biological properties.

Thymol and Thyme Essential Oil-New Insights into Selected Therapeutic Applications.

Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) belongs to the phenolic monoterpenes and mostly occurs in thyme species. It is one of the main compounds of thyme essential oil. Both thymol and thyme essential oil have long been used in traditional medicine as expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antiseptic agents, mainly in the treatment of the upper respiratory system.

Composition and Antibacterial Activity of (Michx.) Elliot, L. and Lindl. Leaf Extracts.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition of leaf extracts from , , and , and their antimicrobial activity against typical spoilage-causing and pathogenic bacteria found in meat and meat products. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) was detected in extract, followed by and extracts. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was measured by DPPH and ABTS assays.

Analysis of Polyphenolic Composition of a Herbal Medicinal Product-Peppermint Tincture.

The pharmacological activity of peppermint leaf () for medical use is mainly attributed to the presence of essential oil, which, according to the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), should constitute not less than 12 mL/kg of raw material.

The Antiglycoxidative Ability of Selected Phenolic Compounds-An In Vitro Study.

Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress may be observed in different diseases as important factors connected with their development. They often occur simultaneously and are considered together as one process: Glycoxidation. This can influence the function or structure of many macromolecules, for example albumin, by changing their physiological properties.

Long-term administration of Aspalathus linearis infusion affects spatial memory of adult Sprague-Dawley male rats as well as increases their striatal dopamine content.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Everyday use of the herbal tea rooibos, produced from Aspalathus linearis (Brum.f) Dahlg. (Fabaceae) is customary in South Africa, a continuation of its historical use by indigenous people.

Comparison of polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of strawberry fruit from 90 cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa Duch.

Strawberry fruit is a valuable resource, rich in vitamins and polyphenolic compounds. These compounds have a broad spectrum of biological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative composition of polyphenols in strawberry fruit from 90 cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa Duch.

Quantification of active ingredients in Potentilla tormentilla by Raman and infrared spectroscopy.

The most important active compounds present in Potentilla tormentilla rhizomes were quantitatively determined on the basis of Raman, attenuated total reflection (ATR) and diffuse reflectance mid- and near- infrared spectra (DRIFTS) collected for the untreated plant material. Partial least-squares (PLS) models were constructed utilizing vibrational spectra and the results of reference high-performance liquid chromatography analyses. Applying Raman spectroscopy, total polyphenols, tannins, ellagitannins, procyanidins, agrimoniin, 3-O-galloylquininc acid and catechin were simultaneously quantified in tormentil rhizomes, with the relative standard errors of prediction in the 2.