Adolescent bariatric surgery-a survey of referring practitioners.

Background: Recent guidelines, supported by large, well-designed studies, suggest that bariatric surgery is a safe and effective treatment for adolescents living with severe obesity to improve health and psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to assess the opinions and referral practices of general practitioners (GPs) and paediatricians in Ireland.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was circulated online to practising paediatricians and GPs.

Evaluating the Impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols on Surgical Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes are evidence-based care improvement processes for surgical patients, which are designed to decrease the impact the anticipated negative physiological cascades following surgery.

Aim: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate the impact of ERAS protocols on outcomes following bariatric surgery compared to standard care (SC).

Methods: A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Reducing opioid prescribing after ambulatory breast reconstruction surgery.

Background: The lack of evidence-based guidelines for postoperative opioid prescriptions following breast reconstruction contributes to a wide variation in prescribing practices and increases potential for misuse and abuse.

Methods: Between August and December 2019, women who underwent outpatient breast reconstruction were surveyed 7-10 days before (n = 97) and after (n = 101) implementing a standardized opioid prescription reduction initiative. We compared postoperative opioid use, pain control, and refills in both groups.

First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment.

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t.

The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Obesity-a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Registry Data.

Purpose: Cancer and obesity represent two of the most significant global health concerns. The risk of malignancy, including colorectal cancer (CRC), increases with obesity. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the value of bariatric surgery in reducing CRC risk in patients with obesity using registry data.

Obesity in Adults: A 2022 Adapted Clinical Practice Guideline for Ireland.

Background: This Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the management of obesity in adults in Ireland, adapted from the Canadian CPG, defines obesity as a complex chronic disease characterised by excess or dysfunctional adiposity that impairs health. The guideline reflects substantial advances in the understanding of the determinants, pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment of obesity.

Summary: It shifts the focus of obesity management toward improving patient-centred health outcomes, functional outcomes, and social and economic participation, rather than weight loss alone.

Dietary restriction and medical therapy drives PPARα-regulated improvements in early diabetic kidney disease in male rats.

The attenuation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by metabolic surgery is enhanced by pharmacotherapy promoting renal fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Using the Zucker Diabetic Fatty and Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley rat models of DKD, we conducted studies to determine if these effects could be replicated with a non-invasive bariatric mimetic intervention. Metabolic control and renal injury were compared in rats undergoing a dietary restriction plus medical therapy protocol (DMT; fenofibrate, liraglutide, metformin, ramipril, and rosuvastatin) and ad libitum-fed controls.

Say what you mean, mean what you say: The importance of language in the treatment of obesity.

Objective: Obesity is a highly stigmatized disease, and despite the understanding of the processes involved, negative language reinforcing outdated views of obesity persists within the scientific literature. This is the first study, to the authors' knowledge, to determine how widespread stigmatizing language is within publications on obesity and examine its impact on patients.

Methods: Two standard terms within obesity publications were identified, and a literature search was carried out to determine their prevalence.

An exploration of young people's, parent/carers', and professionals' experiences of a voluntary sector organisation operating a Youth Information, Advice, and Counselling (YIAC) model in a disadvantaged area.

Background: The present evaluation explored young people's, parents/carers, and healthcare professionals' perceptions of the Youth Information, Advice and Counselling (YIAC) model operated by a voluntary sector organisation in North West England. With an aim to understand the key components that contribute to enhancing the success of the YIAC model.

Method: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with young people, parents/carers, and healthcare professionals were conducted.

The impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on gallstone disease after bariatric surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

Background: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a bile acid that has been shown to reduce the formation of gallstones after significant weight loss.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of UDCA on the incidence of gallstones after bariatric surgery.

Settings: An electronic search of PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies (CENTRAL), Scopus (Elsevier) databases, EMBASE, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.

Assessment of baseline rates of functional and absolute iron deficiency in bariatric surgery candidates: a retrospective study.

Background: Preoperative optimization of iron status is a priority in candidates for bariatric surgery. Inflammation is strongly associated with obesity, and as a consequence, functional iron deficiency (ID) is potentially an underreported issue in surgical candidates.

Objectives: In light of updated practice guidelines, to retrospectively review preoperative iron status in an Irish cohort of bariatric surgery candidates, taking account of the relative incidence rate of functional ID.

30-Day Morbidity and Mortality of Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Multinational Cohort Study of 7704 Patients from 42 Countries.

Background: There are data on the safety of cancer surgery and the efficacy of preventive strategies on the prevention of postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 in these patients. But there is little such data for any elective surgery. The main objectives of this study were to examine the safety of bariatric surgery (BS) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to determine the efficacy of perioperative COVID-19 protective strategies on postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 rates.

Descending necrotising mediastinitis: how a sore throat can result in purulent peritonitis.

This is a rare case of descending necrotising mediastinitis (DNM) that originated as an oropharyngeal infection, before spreading caudally to include all compartments of the mediastinum and the peritoneum beyond. The mediastinitis was treated early and aggressively with drainage, lavage and debridement in conjunction with broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatment. This case includes a right cervical incision, and a seldom needed surgical laparotomy approach to address the intra-abdominal involvement, and necessity of peritoneal washout.

Enhanced Recovery After Bariatric Surgery: Feasibility and Outcomes in a National Bariatric Centre.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess outcomes of bariatric surgical procedures after the implementation of an enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery protocol in the National Bariatric Centre in Ireland.

Materials And Methods: Data on consecutive bariatric procedures performed over a 36-month period was prospectively recorded. ERABS interventions utilized included preoperative counselling, shortened preoperative fasts, specific anaesthetic protocols, early postop mobilization and feeding, and extended post-discharge thromboprophylaxis.

Colonic interposition, a contemporary experience: technical aspects and outcomes.

Colonic interposition is rarely used as an oesophageal replacement after resection, as the preferred use of stomach involves less anastomoses and lower risks of major complications. The functional outcome from the colonic conduit is also unpredictable. This report documents the spectrum of experience of a high-volume oesophageal centre, highlighting indications, techniques and functional outcomes.

Characterization of the renal cortical transcriptome following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in experimental diabetic kidney disease.

Introduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) reduces albuminuria and the long-term incidence of end-stage renal disease in patients with obesity and diabetes. Preclinical modeling in experimental diabetic kidney disease demonstrates that improvements in glomerular structure likely underpin these findings.

Research Design And Methods: In adult male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, we profiled the effect of RYGB on weight and metabolic control as well biochemical, structural and ultrastructural indices of diabetic renal injury.

Standardizing Opioid Prescriptions to Patients After Ambulatory Oncologic Surgery Reduces Overprescription.

Background: Overprescribing of opioids after surgery contributes to long-term abuse. Evaluating opioid prescription patterns and patient-reported opioid use offers an evidence-based method to identify potential overprescription. This quality improvement initiative aimed to reduce and standardize opioid prescriptions upon discharge from an ambulatory oncologic surgery center and evaluate the effect of this change on patients' subsequent opioid use and reported pain.

What motivates patients and caregivers to engage in health research and how engagement affects their lives: Qualitative survey findings.

Background: US research organizations increasingly are supporting patient and stakeholder engagement in health research with a goal of producing more useful, relevant and patient-centered evidence better aligned with real-world clinical needs. The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) engages patients, family caregivers and other health-care stakeholders, including clinicians, payers and policymakers, as active partners in prioritizing, designing, conducting and disseminating research as a key strategy to produce useful evidence for health-care decision making.

Objective: To inform effective engagement practices and policies, we sought to understand what motivates patients and caregivers to engage as partners on PCORI-funded research projects and how such engagement changed their lives.

Differential protein abundance of a basolateral MCT1 transporter in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Bacterially derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, are vital in maintaining the symbiotic relationship that exists between humans and their gastrointestinal microbial populations. A key step in this process is the transport of SCFAs across colonic epithelial cells via MCT1 transporters. This study investigated MCT1 protein abundance in various human intestinal tissues.

Wilkie's syndrome causing persistent vomiting post-colectomy.

Introduction: Wilkie's syndrome occurs when the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) compresses the third part of the duodenum causing proximal dilatation of small bowel. It is due to loss of the fat pad that sits between the duodenum and SMA and therefore is most commonly seen in people who have had significant weight loss.

Presentation Of Case: A 79 year old man presented with anaemia and weight loss and an ascending colon malignancy was found.