Effects of preterm birth and parent-child relationships on socioemotional difficulties, verbal ability, and numerical ability among older children and young adolescents.

Young children born preterm may be more affected by environmental influences than their full-term peers. Few studies have investigated whether such effects exist for older children and young adolescents. With participants aged 9 and 13 years, we examine whether children born preterm could be differentially affected by the quality of their relationship with their mothers and fathers.

Crash rates over time among younger and older drivers in the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study.

Objective: To examine crash rates over time among 16-17-year-old drivers compared to older drivers.

Methods: Data were from a random sample of 854 of the 3,500 study participants in SHRP 2, a U.S.

Kinematic risky driving behavior among younger and older drivers: Differences over time by age group and sex.

This research examined the incidence rates of elevated gravitational force events (kinematic risky driving, KRD) among 16- to 17-year-old drivers compared to those of 18- to 20-year-old, 21- to 25-year-old, and 35- to 55-year-old drivers over a 12-month period. Data were sampled from the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) naturalistic driving study that recruited a U.S.

Adolescent sleep insufficiency one year after high school.

Introduction: Sleep difficulties affect approximately 45% of adolescents and are associated with health consequences such as depression and obesity. Sleep duration immediately following high school is not well understood, especially for those not pursuing post-secondary education. We examined adolescent sleep insufficiency and its association with school and work status.

Vehicle ownership and other predictors of teenagers risky driving behavior: Evidence from a naturalistic driving study.

Objective: Risky driving behavior may contribute to the high crash risk among teenage drivers. The current naturalistic driving study assessed predictors for teenagers' kinematic risky driving (KRD) behavior and the interdependencies between them.

Method: The private vehicles of 81 novice teenage drivers were equipped with data acquisition system that recorded driving kinematics, miles driven, and video recordings of the driver, passengers and the driving environment.

Beyond Sleep Duration: Bidirectional Associations Among Chronotype, Social Jetlag, and Drinking Behaviors in a Longitudinal Sample of US High School Students.

Inadequate sleep and problematic drinking are prevalent among high school students and are significant public health issues. Inadequate sleep may contribute to alcohol use through impairments in emotion regulation or cognitive functioning, whereas alcohol use may lead to inadequate sleep through the biological effects of alcohol or social influences. However, the directionality of the associations between sleep and drinking variables remains unclear as most prior studies were cross-sectional.

Post-High School Changes in Tobacco and Cannabis Use in the United States.

Background: The transition from high school into young adulthood is a critical developmental period with many young people going to college, moving residence, and entering the work force for the first time. The NEXT Generation Health Study (NEXT) is a nationally representative longitudinal study of adolescent health behaviors. Previous NEXT research has found that the post-high school environment is associated with changes in alcohol use.

Do Young Drivers Become Safer After Being Involved in a Collision?

As drivers age, their risk of being involved in a car collision decreases. The present study investigated if this trend is due, in part, to some risky drivers having a collision early in their driving lives and subsequently reducing their risky driving after that negative experience. Accelerometers and video cameras were installed in the vehicles of 16- to 17-year-old drivers ( N = 254), allowing coders to measure the number of g-force events (i.

Is level of prematurity a risk/plasticity factor at three years of age?

Children born preterm have poorer outcomes than children born full-term, but the caregiving environment can ameliorate some of these differences. Recent research has proposed that preterm birth may be a plasticity factor, leading to better outcomes for preterm than full-term infants in higher quality environments. This analysis uses data from two waves of an Irish study of children (at 9 months and 3 years of age, n=11,134 children) and their caregivers (n=11,132 mothers, n=9998 fathers) to investigate differences in how caregiving affects social, cognitive, and motor skills between full-term, late preterm, and very preterm children.

Variability in measures of health and health behavior among emerging adults 1 year after high school according to college status.

Objective: To examine changes in health behaviors among US emerging adults 1 year after high school.

Participants: The national sample of participants (N = 1,927), including those attending 4-year college/university (n = 884), 2-year colleges/technical schools (n = 588), and no college (n = 455), participated in annual spring surveys 2013-2014.

Methods: Health behaviors were assessed the last year of high school and first year of college; differences by college status controlling for previous-year values were estimated using regression analyses.

Risk-perception and dangerous driving among adolescents: Outcome- and behavior-focused questions yield opposite results.

While some studies have found that those who perceive a behavior to be more risky are less likely to engage in it, others have found that those who engage in more risky behaviors see themselves as being more at-risk. Using an online questionnaire we investigated whether such conflicting findings may be due to the types of risk-questions employed in past studies. We assessed risk-perception using outcome-focused questions (e.

Changes over 12 months in eye glances during secondary task engagement among novice drivers.

During their first year of driving, crash rates among novice drivers are very high but decline rapidly. However, it is not clear what skills or knowledge they are acquiring in this period. Secondary task engagement while driving is a contributing factor to many traffic collisions and some of the elevated crash risk among novices could be explained by greater prevalence or longer periods of eyes off the road while engaging in these non-driving tasks.

Conscientious personality and young drivers' crash risk.

Introduction: Personality characteristics are associated with many risk behaviors. However, the relationship between personality traits, risky driving behavior, and crash risk is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between personality, risky driving behavior, and crashes and near-crashes, using naturalistic driving research methods.

Measurement invariance of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire across samples of young drivers from Finland and Ireland.

This article investigates the factor structure of the 27-item Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) in two samples of young drivers (18-25 years of age); one from Finland and the other from Ireland. We compare the two-, three-, and four-factor solutions using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and show that the four-factor model (with the latent variables rule violations, aggressive violations, slips and lapses) fits the data from the two countries best. Next, we compare the fit of this model across samples by the means of a measurement invariance analysis in the CFA framework.

Error bars in within-subject designs: a comment on Baguley (2012).

The problem of calculating error bars in within-subject designs has proven to be a difficult problem and has received much attention in recent years. Baguley (Behavior Research Methods, 44, 158-175, 2012) recommended what he called the Cousineau-Morey method. This method requires two steps: first, centering the data set in a certain way to remove between-subject differences and, second, integrating a correction factor to debias the standard errors obtained from the normalized data set.

The contribution of inhibitory deficits to dangerous driving among young people.

A recent theory of adolescent risk taking that may be applicable to young drivers proposed that young people engage in more risks because they are more impulsive. While past research has found that problematic drivers do tend to score higher on measures of impulsivity, most of this research has relied on self-reported behaviours and attitudes. The present study investigates the role of impulsivity using computer-based measures of inhibitory functioning.