Developing an exercise intervention to minimise hip bone mineral density loss following traumatic lower limb amputation: a Delphi study.

Objective: To elicit expert opinion and gain consensus on specific exercise intervention parameters to minimise hip bone mineral density (BMD) loss following traumatic lower limb amputation.

Methods: In three Delphi rounds, statements were presented to a panel of 13 experts from six countries. Experts were identified through publications or clinical expertise.

Upper Limb Function in People With Upper and Lower Limb Loss 8 Years Postinjury: The Armed Services Trauma Outcome Study (ADVANCE) Cohort Study.

Objective: Upper limb (UL) disability in people with UL loss is well reported in the literature, less so for people with lower limb loss. This study aimed to compare UL disability in injured (major trauma) and uninjured UK military personnel, with particular focus on people with upper and lower limb loss.

Methods: A volunteer sample of injured (n = 579) and uninjured (n = 566) UK military personnel who served in a combat role in the Afghanistan war were frequency matched on age, sex, service, rank, regiment, role, and deployment period and recruited to the Armed Services Trauma Rehabilitation Outcome (ADVANCE) longitudinal cohort study.

The relationship between hamstring strength tests and sprint performance in female Gaelic footballers: A correlation and linear regression analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the relationships between handheld dynamometer (HHD), isokinetic and Nordic hamstrings exercise (NHE) measurements of knee flexor strength and their association with sprinting performance.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Methods: The relationships between HHD (prone isometric, prone break and supine break knee flexor strength tests), isokinetic and NHE peak knee flexor strength measures were examined using Pearson product correlations on 38 female footballers.

Implementing hamstring injury prevention programmes remotely: a randomised proof of concept trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) compare the effectiveness of a Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) versus single-leg Romanian deadlift (SLRDL) exercise programme on a hamstring injury risk surrogate; (2) compare the muscle soreness experienced by both exercise programmes; and (3) assess compliance to remote injury prevention exercise protocols through video software.

Methods: Twenty participants (10 women and 10 men: 21.45±1.

Developing an exercise intervention to improve bone mineral density in traumatic amputees: protocol for a Delphi study.

Introduction: Lower limb amputation results in reduced bone mineral density (BMD) on the amputated side. Exercise interventions have proven effective in improving BMD. However, such interventions have not been attempted in an amputee population.

Association Between Combat-Related Traumatic Injury and Skeletal Health: Bone Mineral Density Loss Is Localized and Correlates With Altered Loading in Amputees: the Armed Services Trauma Rehabilitation Outcome (ADVANCE) Study.

The association between combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI) and bone health is uncertain. A disproportionate number of lower limb amputees from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts are diagnosed with osteopenia/osteoporosis, increasing lifetime risk of fragility fracture and challenging traditional osteoporosis treatment paradigms. The aim of this study is to test the hypotheses that CRTI results in a systemic reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) and that active traumatic lower limb amputees have localized BMD reduction, which is more prominent with higher level amputations.

The dose-response of pain throughout a Nordic hamstring exercise intervention.

The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) reduces hamstring injury incidence. Compliance to large exercise volumes of the NHE is poor, with exercise related soreness often seen as a contributing factor. We investigated the dose-response of NHE exposure with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and non-DOMS pain.

The Dose-Response of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Biceps Femoris Architecture and Eccentric Knee Flexor Strength: A Randomized Interventional Trial.

Purpose: To examine the dose-response of the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) on biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture and eccentric knee flexor strength.

Design: Randomized interventional trial.

Methods: Forty recreationally active males completed a 6-week NHE training program consisting of either intermittent low volumes (group 1; n = 10), low volumes (group 2; n = 10), initial high volumes followed by low volumes (group 3; n = 10), or progressively increasing volumes (group 4; n = 10).

Six weeks of localized heat therapy does not affect muscle mass, strength and contractile properties in healthy active humans.

Purpose: Animal and human studies have shown that repeated heating may induce skeletal muscle adaptations, increasing muscle strength. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of localized heating on skeletal muscle strength, volume and contractile properties in healthy humans.

Methods: Fifteen active participants (8 males/7 females, 35 ± 6 years, 70 ± 14 kg, 173 ± 7 cm, average training of 87 min per week) were subjected to 6 weeks of single-leg heat therapy.

Biceps femoris long head muscle fascicle length does not differ between sexes.

Hamstring strain injury (HSI) rates are higher for males vs. females. This cross-sectional study investigated if inherent differences in biceps femoris long head (BF) fascicle length (L) exist between recreationally active males and females (i.

Including the Nordic hamstring exercise in injury prevention programmes halves the rate of hamstring injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 8459 athletes.

Research Question: Does the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) prevent hamstring injuries when included as part of an injury prevention intervention?

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies: We considered the population to be any athletes participating in any sporting activity, the intervention to be the NHE, the comparison to be usual training or other prevention programmes, which did not include the NHE, and the outcome to be the incidence or rate of hamstring injuries.

Analysis: The effect of including the NHE in injury prevention programmes compared with controls on hamstring injuries was assessed in 15 studies that reported the incidence across different sports and age groups in both women and men.

Explosive voluntary torque is related to whole-body response to unexpected perturbations.

Explosive torque has been demonstrated to relate to static balance. However, sports injuries occur dynamically and unpredictably, yet the relationship between explosive torque and balance response to dynamic perturbations is unknown. This study investigated the relationship between explosive torque of the plantar flexors and knee extensors and the centre of mass (COM) response to unexpected perturbations.

Effects of football simulated fatigue on neuromuscular function and whole-body response to disturbances in balance.

The effect of football-specific fatigue on explosive neuromuscular performance and dynamic balance has received little attention in the literature despite the potential consequences for injury risk. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue induced by simulated football match play on maximal and explosive knee flexor (KF) and knee extensor (KE) torque, and thus the maximal and explosive KF/KE ratio, as well as the effect of fatigue induced by simulated football match play on whole-body response to disturbances in balance. Fifteen male team sports players (mean ± SD: age 24.

Sex differences in muscle morphology of the knee flexors and knee extensors.

Introduction: Females experience higher risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries; males experience higher risk of hamstring strain injuries. Differences in injury may be partially due to sex differences in knee flexor (KF) to knee extensor (KE) muscle size ratio and the proportional size of constituent muscles.

Purpose: To compare the absolute and proportional size, and mass distribution, of individual KE and KF muscles, as well as overall size and balance (size ratio) of these muscle groups between the sexes.