Successful surgical excision of the accessory urethra in a 13-year-old boy with Effmann Type IIA-2 urethral duplication. Case report and literature review.

Introduction And Clinical Importance: Urethral duplication is a congenital anomaly characterized by the partial or full development of an auxiliary urethra as a second urethral channel varying in extent and location. The course of treatment for urethral duplication should be individualized for each patient based on the type of anomaly and the existence of symptoms. In most cases, if the ventral orthotopic urethra is normal, excision of the dorsal auxiliary urethra is almost always curative.

The antegrade continence enema procedure in the setting of acute appendicitis.

The antegrade continence enema (ACE), known as the ACE procedure, has gained popularity over the past two decades in the treatment of refractory fecal incontinence. This case report describes an acutely inflamed appendix being used for an ACE procedure. To my knowledge, this has not previously been documented in the literature.

Comparing the outcomes of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty and dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty in children with hypospadias: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Excellent outcomes have been reported following the widely accepted tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) and its relatively recent modification, the dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty (DIGU). However, there is a lack of consensus on which technique offers more favorable postoperative outcomes.

Aims: To systematically compare the reported outcomes of the TIPU and DIGU techniques in children undergoing primary hypospadias repair.

Incidence of Low-Grade Testicular Injury in Orchidectomy Specimens Post-testicular Torsion.

Introduction:  Following detorsion and orchidopexy for testicular torsion, predominantly animal studies have reported a risk of autoimmune and reperfusion injury to the contralateral testis. As a result, when testicular viability is compromised, orchidectomy is readily performed. This practice increases the likelihood of testes with potentially reversible injury being excised.

Early Bilateral Gonadoblastoma in a Young Child with Mosaicism for Turner Syndrome and Trisomy 18 with Y Chromosome.

Mosaic Turner syndrome (TSM) commonly occurs in the form of 45,X/46,XX and 45,X/46,X,i(X)(q10). Mosaicism for a Y chromosome, 45,X/46,XY, has been well documented and is associated with increased risk of gonadoblastoma (GB). To date, there are only six reported cases of TSM with a trisomy 18 karyotype, and only two of these were phenotypically female with 45,X/47,XY,+18 karyotype.

Gonadoblastoma in patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism: A 16-year experience.

Background: It is recognised that individuals with a 45,X/46,XY karyotype, known as Turner mosaic syndrome with Y chromosome material (TMSY), have an increased risk of developing gonadoblastoma (GB), which may then devolve into one of a number of germ cell malignancies. Hence, children with TMSY are usually recommended to undergo prophylactic gonadectomy.

Objective: We designed this study to describe the phenotypic features of our series of children with TMSY who underwent prophylactic gonadectomy in order to evaluate the prevalence of GB and germ cell malignancies in their resected specimens.

Laparoscopic Excision of Large Intra-Abdominal Cysts in Children: Needle Hitch Technique.

Laparoscopic surgery has both diagnostic and therapeutic advantages in the management of intra-abdominal cysts in children. Large cysts in small children pose technical challenges during laparoscopic surgery, requiring multiple incisions and advanced laparoscopic skills. This paper describes a novel laparoscopic technique using minimal manipulation for both aspiration and excision of the cyst.

Does Functional Outcome Improve with Time Postsurgery for Hirschsprung Disease?

Purpose: Constipation and incontinence are significant problems following pull-through surgery for Hirschsprung disease (HD). There is evidence that these problems improve with time. However, there is also evidence showing no improvements and furthermore, significant long-term data are lacking for the newer endorectal pull-through.

Cultural bias in the AAP's 2012 Technical Report and Policy Statement on male circumcision.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recently released its new Technical Report and Policy Statement on male circumcision, concluding that current evidence indicates that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks. The technical report is based on the scrutiny of a large number of complex scientific articles. Therefore, while striving for objectivity, the conclusions drawn by the 8 task force members reflect what these individual physicians perceived as trustworthy evidence.

Publication patterns on neonatal surgery over 65 years.

Background/purpose: Staying abreast of the literature in a given speciality is difficult. The aim of this study is to analyze the publication patterns of the neonatal surgical literature over the last six decades.

Materials: A search strategy for the Web of Science database was designed using MeSH defined terms for 10 index neonatal surgical conditions, with output analyzed over two time-periods.

Are routine dilatations necessary post pull-through surgery for Hirschsprung disease?

Introduction: We aim to compare the anastomotic stricture and enterocolitis rates between groups who either had or did not have anal dilatations (AD or NAD) prescribed routinely post pull-through surgery for Hirschsprung disease (HD); by this means, we will evaluate the benefit of routine dilatations.

Methods: A retrospective review of the records of all children operated on for HD between 1997 and 2010 was performed. Associated Down syndrome and total colonic aganglionosis were excluded.

Comparative review of functional outcomes post surgery for Hirschsprung's disease utilizing the paediatric incontinence and constipation scoring system.

Purpose: We aim to analyze differences in functional outcomes in children operated on for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) using the Paediatric incontinence/constipation scoring system (PICSS) validated in a normative group.

Methods: A retrospective review of the records of all children operated on for HD between 1997 and 2010 was performed. Patients had either a Soave or transanal endorectal pull-through.

Hydrocele on the web: an evaluation of Internet-based information.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of health-based information available to patients and their parents on the Internet regarding hydrocele, a common paediatric condition, an Internet search was performed and a questionnaire distributed.

Material And Methods: The top 100 websites from the five most accessed search engines were reviewed by entering the term "Hydrocele" into each search engine. Website authorship was determined by close examination of each website.

Urinary incontinence in children: botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment option.

Purpose: This study's aim was to assess the use of intravesical injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) as a treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in children.

Methods: A 6-year retrospective study of children who received BoNT-A for OAB was performed. Treatment outcome was classified as complete success (CS), partial success (PS) or treatment failure (TF).

Neonatal scrotal wall necrotizing fasciitis (Fournier gangrene): a case report.

Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis in neonates is rare and is associated with almost 50% mortality. Although more than 80 cases of neonates (under one month of age) with necrotizing fasciitis have been reported in the literature, only six of them are identified as originating in the scrotum.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a four-week-old, full-term, otherwise-healthy Caucasian baby boy who presented with an ulcerating lesion of his scrotal wall.

Congenital fibrosarcoma of the ileum: case report with molecular confirmation and literature review.

Congenital fibrosarcoma is a rare, soft tissue malignancy of infancy, most commonly involving the distal extremities. We report a case of congenital fibrosarcoma of the ileum in a 5-day-old boy who presented with an acute abdomen due to ileal perforation. Partial ileal resection was carried out with successful anastomosis.