Muscle blood flow and vasodilation are blunted at the onset of exercise following an acute bout of ischemia-reperfusion.

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can attenuate endothelial function and impair nitric oxide bioavailability. We tested the hypothesis that I/R also blunts the rapid and steady-state hyperemic and vasodilatory responses to handgrip exercise. Ten subjects (8M/2F; 24 ± 4 yr) performed handgrip exercises before and after I/R (20 min of ischemia/20 min of reperfusion) and time control (40-min supine rest) trials.

Effects of Combined Inorganic Nitrate and Nitrite Supplementation on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Nitric oxide (NO) stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. However, NO metabolism is disrupted in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) potentially contributing to their decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e.

Eight weeks of inorganic nitrate/nitrite supplementation improves aerobic exercise capacity and the gas exchange threshold in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reduced exercise capacity, indexed by lower maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o) and achievement of the gas exchange threshold (GET) at a lower % V̇o. The ubiquitous signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays a multifaceted role during exercise and, as patients with T2DM have poor endogenous NO production, we investigated if inorganic nitrate/nitrite supplementation (an exogenous source of NO) improves exercise capacity in patients with T2DM. Thirty-six patients with T2DM (10F, 59 ± 9 yr, 32.

Dietary Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite Supplementation Reduces Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased cardiovascular risk due to elevated blood pressure (BP). As low levels of nitric oxide (NO) may contribute to increased BP, we determined if increasing NO bioavailability via eight weeks of supplementation with beetroot juice containing inorganic nitrate/nitrite (4.03 mmol nitrate, 0.

Concomitant aortic valve repair for aortic insufficiency and implantation of left ventricle mechanical support.

Background: Moderate to severe aortic valve insufficiency (AI) in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is a significant complication which occurs in up to 10.7% of patients in the INTERMACS database and has profound consequences for survival. Preoperative Impella use is associaed with greater post-LVAD AI.

Combined inorganic nitrate/nitrite supplementation blunts α-mediated vasoconstriction during exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reduced vasodilatory responses during exercise partially attributable to low nitric oxide (NO) levels. Low NO contributes to greater α-adrenergic mediated vasoconstriction in contracting skeletal muscle. We hypothesized boosting NO bioavailability via 8wks of active beetroot juice (BR, 4.

Glycemic management is inversely related to skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Microvascular endothelial dysfunction precipitates cardiovascular disease mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between glycemic management and microvascular endothelial function of these patients remains ill defined. We investigated the association between skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial function with glycemic management (HbA1c) and responses to an oral glucose challenge (OGTT) in 30 patients with T2DM (59 ± 9 years, 31.

Acute inorganic nitrate supplementation and the hypoxic ventilatory response in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have increased cardiovascular disease risk largely attributable to hypertension. Heightened peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity (i.e.

Effect of Age and Acute Exercise on Circulating Angioregulatory Factors.

The balance of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiostatic factors, like thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and endostatin, controls striated muscle angiogenic responses to exercise training. The effect of age on circulating levels of these factors following a bout of exercise is unclear. The authors hypothesized that older adults would have lower circulating VEGF but higher TSP-1 and endostatin after exercise compared with young adults.

Greater α-adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction in contracting skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit diminished exercise capacity likely attributable to reduced skeletal muscle blood flow (i.e., exercise hyperemia).

Dexmedetomidine for reduction of atrial fibrillation and delirium after cardiac surgery (DECADE): a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Atrial fibrillation and delirium are common consequences of cardiac surgery. Dexmedetomidine has unique properties as sedative agent and might reduce the risk of each complication. This study coprimarily aimed to establish whether dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation and the incidence of delirium.

Aerobic exercise offsets endothelial dysfunction induced by repetitive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in young healthy men.

Consumption of a single, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) impairs vascular endothelial function. Regular aerobic exercise improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation; however, it is unknown whether these beneficial effects persist with frequent SSB consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold; we studied the effects of repetitive SSB consumption (75 g d-glucose, 3 times/day) for 1 wk (Glu, = 13, 23 ± 4 yr, 23.

Dietary nitrate does not acutely enhance skeletal muscle blood flow and vasodilation in the lower limbs of older adults during single-limb exercise.

Purpose: Blood flow (BF) and vasodilator responses to knee-extension exercise are attenuated in older adults across an exercise transient (onset, kinetics, and steady-state), and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability (NO) has been hypothesized to be a primary mechanism contributing to this attenuation. We tested the hypothesis acute dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation (~ 4.03 mmol NO and 0.

Automated detection of cancer cells in effusion specimens by DNA karyometry.

Background: The average sensitivity of conventional cytology for the identification of cancer cells in effusion specimens is only approximately 58%. DNA image cytometry (DNA-ICM), which exploits the DNA content of morphologically suspicious nuclei measured on digital images, has a sensitivity of up to 91% for the detection of cancer cells. However, when performed manually, to our knowledge to date, an expert needs approximately 60 minutes for the analysis of a single slide.

Impaired modulation of postjunctional α - but not α -adrenergic vasoconstriction in contracting forearm muscle of postmenopausal women.

Key Points: Contraction-mediated blunting of postjunctional α-adrenergic vasoconstriction (functional sympatholysis) is attenuated in skeletal muscle of ageing males, brought on by altered postjunctional α - and α -adrenergic receptor sensitivity. The extent to which postjunctional α-adrenergic vasoconstriction occurs in the forearms at rest and during exercise in postmenopausal women remains unknown. The novel findings indicate that contraction-mediated blunting of α - (via intra-arterial infusion of phenylephrine) but not α -adrenergic (via intra-arterial infusion of dexmedetomidine) vasoconstriction was attenuated in postmenopausal women compared to young women.

Can Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography Predict Postoperative Aortic Insufficiency in Patients Receiving Implantable Left Ventricular Assist Devices?

Objective: Aortic insufficiency (AI) develops in 25% of patients after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) insertion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of new-onset AI upon initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) required for LVAD insertion and the potential ability of this new-onset AI to predict development of post-LVAD insertion AI.

Design: Forty-one patients undergoing LVAD insertion were studied.