A Young Female With Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCADD): A Case Report.

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency (MCADD) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. MCAD is essential for fatty acid β-oxidation during hepatic ketogenesis, which provides a major source of energy once hepatic glycogen stores are exhausted during extended fasting and periods of increased energy demand. The inability to metabolize these fatty acids results in hypoketotic hypoglycemia and the accumulation of toxic partially metabolized fatty acids.

Low doses and short duration of prednisolone administration in guinea pigs experimentally infected with Schistosoma haematobium: Histopathology of liver and lungs.

In our previous study, administration of 5 mg prednisolone for five days pre-Schistosoma haematobium infection in guinea pigs increased susceptibility and produced pathological reactions in the liver and bladder. Since corticosteroids can suppress granuloma formation, maturation, and size, this study sought to investigate if prednisolone given at low doses and short duration can produce granulomatous lesions in the tissues of guinea pigs experimentally infected with S. haematobium.

Risk assessment of waterborne infections in Enugu State, Nigeria: Implications of household water choices, knowledge, and practices.

This research investigated the prevalence of waterborne infections (WBIs) and the risks associated with household drinking water choices, knowledge, and practices. A cross-sectional multi-stage sampling research design was employed. A well-structured questionnaire was used to sample 403 individuals representing 115 household; and stool samples collected and subjected to standard parasitic and bacterial diagnostic methods.

Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Coinfected Individuals in Nigeria.

Background: Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract is one of the highest causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV infected individuals. This is due to the colonization of the intestinal tract by parasites influenced by induced enteropathy caused by HIV infection. CD+4 t-lymphocytes count is a marker of the immune status of HIV infected individuals.

Corrigendum: Mapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria.

This article details a correction to the article: Ndukwe, Y.E., Obiezue, R.

Mapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria.

Background: Mapping the distribution of parasitic diseases in time and space has a pivotal role to play in their control.

Objective: This study mapped urinary schistosomiasis in Anambra State.

Methods: Sampling covered the three senatorial districts, Anambra North, Anambra Central and Anambra South.

Maternal vitamin A supplementation delays time to first episode of parasitaemia and reduces malaria parasite densities among infants in rural communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

The study was a randomized mother -infant dyad placebo controlled field trial that evaluated the effect of maternal vitamin A supplementation on time to first episode of parasitaemia and on malaria parasite densities among infants in three rural communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-two (152) pregnant women with pregnancies that had mature to at least six (6) months were equally randomized into supplemented and placebo groups. Ten thousand international unit (10,000 IU) of vitamin A supplement was administered three (3) times per week to women of the supplemented group while placebo was given to the control group at equal frequencies.

Improved infant hemoglobin (Hb) and blood glucose concentrations: The beneficial effect of maternal vitamin A supplementation of malaria-infected mothers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

One hundred and fifty-two malaria-infected pregnant women whose pregnancies had advanced to the 6th month were randomised into two study groups - supplemented and placebo groups, after obtaining their approved consents. Ten thousand international units of vitamin A soft gels were administered to the supplemented group three times per week. Vitamin A soft gels devoid of their active ingredients were administered thrice weekly to the placebo group.

Urinary schistosomiasis among pregnant women in some endemic tropical semi - urban communities of Anambra State, Nigeria.

Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by the deposition of eggs by adult flukes in the blood vessels surrounding the bladder of the infected host. Schistosomiasis is ranked the second most important parasitic disease of man and undoubtedly the most important of helminth origin. This paper reports the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among pregnant women in some endemic tropical semi - urban communities of Anambra State, Nigeria, screened using Medi-Test Combi 9 and urine centrifugation methods.

First Record of Co - infection of Three Clinostomatid Parasites in Cichlids (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) in a Tropical Freshwater Lake.

The present study investigated the effects of first record of co-infection of three Clinostomum sp.; Clinostomum Complanatum (Rudolphi, 1819), C. tilapiae (Ukoli, 1966), and Euclinostomum hetereostomum (1809) in Tilapia zilii.

Parasitological and histopathological effects of immunosuppression in guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus) experimentally infected with Schistosoma haematobium.

The parasitological and histopathological effects of immunosuppression in guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus) experimentally infected with Schistosoma haematobium were studied. A total of 16 guinea-pigs were divided into four groups (four per group): non-immunosuppressed, non-infected group (NN); immunosuppressed, non-infected group (IN); immunosuppressed, infected group (II); non-immunosuppressed, infected group (NI). The IN and II groups were immunosuppressed with 5 mg/kg prednisolone while the II and NI animals were infected with 200-300 S.

Ultrasonographic screening of urinary schistosomiasis infected patients in Agulu community, Anambra state, southeast Nigeria.

Background: The pathology of Schistosoma haematobium infection in 60 infected primary school children in Agulu community, Anambra State, southeast Nigeria, with over 50 ova/10 ml urine was assessed.

Methods: The ultrasonographic examination was done using a sector scanner with convex probe. World Health Organisation method was used for classification and scoring of lesions.

Investigation into the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the Agulu Lake area of Anambra State, Nigeria.

In epidemiological surveys for urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium in communities around Agulu Lake, Anambra State, Nigeria, between 1990 and 1992, the infection was found to be endemic in the area, especially in three towns: Nri, Agulu, and Adazi Nnukwu. The prevalence rates varied between these communities and with the year. Inter-town prevalence rates ranged from 5.

Schistosoma haematobium cercariae transmission patterns in freshwater systems of Anambra State, Nigeria.

The seasonality of infection of Bulinus (Ph.) globosus, the snail host of Schistosoma haematobium is reported. The pattern of snail infection was shown to vary with the type of habitats.

On the effects of ivermectin on freshwater snails of medical and veterinary importance.

Ivermectin is lethal to Bulinus (Physopsis) globosus, Biomphalaria pfeifferi, and Lymnaea natalensis at concentrations of 0.08 micrograms/ml and above. Studies show that these snails will not recover from a 24 h exposure to 2.

Distribution of freshwater gastropods in the lower River Niger and Cross River basins of southeastern Nigeria with reference to their trematode infections.

Malacological surveys on the abundance of molluscan fauna were carried out in freshwater habitats at the 2 main rivers of southeastern Nigeria: River Niger and Cross River basins. A total of 19 species of gastropods were found, 13 of which are pulmonates and 6 prosobranchs. The distribution of the species varied between the habitats, with high densities recorded in patches within the habitats.

Helminth development stages isolated from cattle faeces and herbage in pastures of rural areas in Imo State, Nigeria.

Examination of faecal and herbal samples from pastures of 6 villages in various parts of Imo State exhibited a preponderance of helminth eggs and infective larva. The percentage of the various genera present was assessed. These genera include: Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, Strongyloides, Neoascaris, Haemonchus, Trichuris (nematodes), Fasciola, Cotylophoron, Paramphistomum (trematodes), Moniezia (cestodes).

Environmental stress and parasitic infections: II. Effects of gramoxone and hexadrin (pesticides) on the survival characteristics of Fasciola gigantica miracidia.

Miracidia of Fasciola gigantica have a maximum longevity of 9 h. Miracidial survival was found to be age dependent and the instantaneous mortality rate increased exponentially with miracidial age and pesticide treatment. Mortality of the pesticide-treated miracidia differs significantly from that of the control.

Environmental stress and parasitic infections: I. The effects of Gramoxone and Hexadrin on embryo and hatching of Fasciola gigantica miracidia.

The effect of two chemical compounds commonly used in agriculture, Gramoxone (a herbicide) and Hexadrin (an insecticide) on embryonic development and hatching of Fasciola gigantica miracidia were experimentally assessed. These two pesticides were introduced in varying quantities into petri dishes containing unembryonated eggs of the trematode for a period of 30 days. LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% hatching) values were determined for them.

Epizootiology of Cysticercus bovis in Imo state, Nigeria.

The incidence of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered for meat in Imo State, Nigeria, is reported. Examination of organs of 2,456 cattle in 8 abattoirs in both rural and urban parts of the state reveals that 642 (26.14%) were infected with Cysticercus bovis.

Nematode parasites of goats and sheep in the Imo State, Nigeria.

Field surveys on the occurrence of intestinal nematodes in 335 goats and 117 Sheep in the Imo State of Nigeria showed an infection density of 78 and 77%, respectively. 8 nematode species were differentiated in goats, and 10 in sheep. Among these, Oesophagostomum columbianum (in goats) and O.

Biology, life-tables, and intrinsic rates of increase of Bulinus globosus Morelet and Lymnea natalensis Kraus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)--the snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma haematobium and Fasciola gigantica, respectively, in Southeastern Nigeria.

Two tables and a figure are used to present the epidemiological and epizoological particulars of Bulinus globosus and Lymnaea natalensis, the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma haematobium and Fasciola gigantica in Southeastern Nigeria. Possible ways of reducing the populations of these intermediate hosts are seen in the combined application of chemical agents and environmental shaping.

Accessibility to general hospitals in rural Bendel State, Nigeria.

The concern is growing in Nigeria as in many other developing countries that the rural population, in spite of its size, is the most neglected in the distribution of social facilities. Even in the rural areas the spatial disparity in the location of the few available facilities aggravates the problem of some segments of the population. The case of accessibility to general hospitals in rural Bendel State of Nigeria is examined in this paper because general hospitals are crucial to the success of the free medical delivery system being attempted in the state.