Desalination of saline water via forward osmosis using magnetic nanoparticles covalently functionalized with citrate ions as osmotic agent.

Forward osmosis is an emerging membrane technology in water desalination. In this study, desalination of saline water via forward osmosis was investigated using a new magnetic osmotic agent. For this purpose, FeO nanoparticles covalently functionalised with tri-sodium citrate was synthesised and characterised.