Biosynthetic studies of novel polyketides from the marine sponge-derived fungus Stachylidium sp. 293K04.

The marilones and marilines are a new family of polyketide metabolites recently isolated from the marine-derived fungus Stachylidium sp. 293K04. They are characterized by a phthalide and phthalimidine skeleton, respectively.

The Rare Amino Acid Building Block 3-(3-furyl)-Alanine in the Formation of Non-ribosomal Peptides.

Microorganisms have made considerable contributions to the production of peptide secondary metabolites, many of them with therapeutic potential eg, the fungus-derived immunosuppressant cyclosporine A and the antibiotic daptomycin originating from Streptomyces. Most of the medically used peptides are the :product of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), incorporating apart from proteinogenic also unique, non-proteinogenic amino acids into the peptides. An extremely rare such amino acid is 3-(3-furyl)-alanine.

Insights into the Biosynthetic Origin of 3-(3-Furyl)alanine in Stachylidium sp. 293 K04 Tetrapeptides.

The marine-sponge-derived fungus Stachylidium sp. 293 K04 produces the N-methylated peptides endolide A (1) and endolide B (2), showing affinity for the vasopressin receptor 1A and serotonin receptor 5HT, respectively. Both peptides feature the rare amino acid 3-(3-furyl)alanine.

Endolides A and B, Vasopressin and Serotonin-Receptor Interacting N-Methylated Peptides from the Sponge-Derived Fungus Stachylidium sp.

The marine-derived fungus Stachylidium sp. was isolated from the sponge Callyspongia sp. cf.

GPR18 Inhibiting Amauromine and the Novel Triterpene Glycoside Auxarthonoside from the Sponge-Derived Fungus Auxarthron reticulatum.

The marine sponge-derived fungus Auxarthron reticulatum produces the cannabinoid receptor antagonist amauromine (1). Recultivation of the fungus to obtain further amounts for more detailed pharmacological evaluation of 1 additionally yielded the novel triterpene glycoside auxarthonoside (2), bearing, in nature, a rather rare sugar moiety, i.e.

Phenalenones: insight into the biosynthesis of polyketides from the marine alga-derived fungus Coniothyrium cereale.

The marine alga-derived fungus Coniothyrium cereale is a prolific producer of phenalenones. These polyketides were shown to possess antimicrobial effects and inhibitory activity towards the protease human leucocyte elastase (HLE). The current study focused on the biosynthesis of eight different structural types of phenalenones, comprising the natural products rousselianone A' (1), coniosclerodin (3), cereolactam (12), cereoaldomine (15), and trypethelone (16).

New bicyclo-spartinols from the marine-derived fungus Phaeosphaeria spartinae.

Investigation of the marine-derived fungus Phaeosphaeria spartinae, an endophyte of the marine alga Ceramium sp., led to the isolation of the unprecedented polyketides 1 and 2. The structures of these compounds were established from extensive spectroscopic analyses.