Association of Standardized Parenteral Nutrition with Early Neonatal Growth of Moderately Preterm Infants: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

In preterm infants, early nutrient intake during the first week of life often depends on parenteral nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of standardized parenteral nutrition using three-in-one double-chamber solutions (3-in-1 STD-PN) on early neonatal growth in a cohort of moderately preterm (MP) infants. This population-based, observational cohort study included preterm infants admitted to neonatal centers in the southeast regional perinatal network in France.

Gestational Age, Socioeconomic Context and Infection-Related Hospital Admissions of Infants Born With Gestational Age Less Than 33 Weeks.

Using data from a regional medical follow-up network database of preterm infants born with gestational age (GA) <33 weeks, we found that low GA and deprived socioeconomic neighborhoods increased incidence of infection-related hospitalization during the first year of life. Respiratory tract infections rates were higher in extremely preterm infants.

Neighborhood Disadvantage and Early Respiratory Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objective: To investigate the impact of neighborhood conditions on respiratory-related hospital admissions in the first year after discharge from the neonatal unit in a population of infants born very preterm with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Study Design: Very preterm infants (gestational age <33 weeks) who had BPD at 36 weeks postconceptional age and who received follow-up in a French regional medical network were included. Socioeconomic context was estimated using a neighborhood-based Socioeconomic Deprivation Index.

Association of First-Week Nutrient Intake and Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Moderately Preterm Infants: A Regional Population-Based Study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of first-week nutrition intake on neonatal growth in moderate preterm (MP) infants. Data on neonatal morbidity and nutrition intake on day of life 7 (DoL7) were prospectively collected from 735 MP infants (32-34 weeks gestational age (GA)). Multivariable regression was used to assess the factors associated with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) defined as a decrease of more than 1 standard deviation () in the weight -score during hospitalization.

A Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce the Need for Mechanical Ventilation in Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates.

 Limiting early intubation and mechanical ventilation in extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN) may decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the feasibility, efficacy, and tolerability of a delivery room respiratory management protocol, including delayed umbilical cord clamping (DUCC) in combination with optimized nCPAP with high PEEP levels and less invasive surfactant administration (LISA).  This cohort quality improvement study analyzed the respiratory and neonatal outcomes of all consecutive infants born between 24 and 26 weeks' gestation before (period 1,  = 40) and after (period 2,  = 52) implementing the new protocol.

[Neurodevelopmental outcome at 3 years of age of infants born at less than 26 weeks].

Objective: To describe the neurodevelopmental outcome and perinatal factors associated with favorable outcome among extremely preterm children at 3 years of age.

Methods: All infants born before 26 weeks of gestation between 2007 and 2011, admitted to intensive care units participating in a French regional network (western PACA-southern Corsica) were included. Perinatal data were collected to assess the main neonatal morbidities.

Ibubrofen in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: what we know, what we still do not know.

The patency of the ductus arteriosus has ever been considered as a pathological situation in preterm infants and one likely cause of mortality and morbidity, including broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular haemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus is inversely proportional to gestational age and infants with the lowest gestational ages are the most exposed to the complications of prematurity. So, associations between patent ductus arteriosus and the other morbidities may not be causative and patent ductus arteriosus could be more a sign of immaturity and severity of disease than the cause of these problems.

[Neonatal meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes after 3 weeks of maternal treatment during pregnancy].

We report the case of a pregnant woman with listeriosis at 26 gestational weeks followed by premature labor at 30 gestational weeks. Bacterial meningitis was suspected in the neonate with ventriculitis on sonography, a high level of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and an identified specific bacterial genome of Listeria monocytogenes (PCR 16S rDNA and sequencing and specific amplification of L. monocytogenes hly gene) in CSF.

A hierarchical analysis of transcriptome alterations in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) reveals common pathophysiological pathways in mammals.

Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a frequent disease, affecting up to 10% of human pregnancies and responsible for increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, low birth weight is an important cause of the metabolic syndrome in the adult. Protein depletion during the gestation of rat females has been widely used as a model for human IUGR.

Spectrum of pathogenic mutations and associated polymorphisms in a cohort of 44 unrelated patients with long QT syndrome.

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare and clinically heterogeneous inherited disorder characterized by a long QT interval on the electrocardiogram, increased risk of syncope and sudden death caused by arrhythmias. This syndrome is mostly caused by mutations in genes encoding various cardiac ion channels. The clinical heterogeneity is usually attributed to variable penetrance.

Adams-Oliver syndrome associated with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and congenital cataract: a case report.

A female infant presented with Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS), intrauterine growth retardation, severe cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, bilateral congenital cataract, and periventricular lesions. The here-reported association of bilateral congenital cataract with AOS is original. Adams-Oliver syndrome is a genetic defect that causes a vasculopathy and leads to a variety of phenotypes.

[Retrobulbar optic nevritis and chicken pox: a case report in a child].

We report here the case of a three-year-old boy presenting with an optic neuritis during the invasive phase of a chicken pox. This clinical, infrequent picture, can be directly due to the virus or be secondary to an auto-immune mechanism. The examination of the ocular fundus, the profile of the spinal fluid, the MRI and the measure of visual evoked potential allow to reach diagnosis and to identify the type of lesion.

Antioxidant status of neonates exposed in utero to tobacco smoke.

To investigate the influence of maternal smoke exposure on neonatal and maternal antioxidant status, 39 mothers who were active smokers, 14 mothers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), 17 controls, and their newborns were included in a prospective, controlled study. Plasma total antioxidant capacity, measured as total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and concentrations of specific antioxidants were measured in cord and in maternal blood. A similar, significant increase in ceruloplasmin concentration was observed in neonates born to actively smoking mothers and in those born to ETS exposed mothers.

Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy and neonatal hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Cushing's syndrome is rare in pregnancy but can cause spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or premature birth. We report a case of transient hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in a newborn whose mother had hypercortisolism due to a primary adrenal lesion. There was no family history of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Immunocytochemical expression of monocarboxylate transporters in the human visual cortex at midgestation.

Lactate and the other monocarboxylates are a major energy source for the developing brain. We investigated the immunocytochemical expression of two monocarboxylate transporters, MCT1 and MCT2, in the human visual cortex between 13 and 26 post-ovulatory weeks. We used immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques to determine whether these transporters co-localized with markers for blood vessels (CD34), neurons (microtubule-associated protein 2 [MAP2], SMI 311), radial glia (vimentin), or astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], S100beta protein).

Perinatal and early postnatal changes in the expression of monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT2 in the rat forebrain.

In addition to glucose, monocarboxylates including lactate represent a major source of energy for the brain, especially during development. We studied the immunocytochemical expression of the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT2 in the rat brain between embryonic day (E) 16 and postnatal day (P) 14. At E16-18, MCT1-like immunoreactivity was found throughout the cortical anlage, being particularly marked medially in the hippocampal anlage next to the ventricle.