The Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease and Its Prognostic Impact on the Management of Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study With a Short-Term Follow-Up.

Introduction Heart failure (HF) poses a major global health challenge, with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) representing a critical phase that requires immediate medical intervention. Coronary artery disease (CAD) plays a significant role in many HF cases, contributing to disease progression through myocardial ischemia and impaired ventricular function. While the connection between CAD and HF is well-established, its specific effect on short-term outcomes in patients with ADHF is less understood, especially in regions like the Middle East.

A Case-based Implementation of Heart Failure Therapies, a Consensus Pathway by the Saudi Heart Failure Working Group.

The implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in heart failure (HF) has many challenges in real-world clinical practice. The consensus document is written considering the variability of the clinical presentation of HF patients. HF medical therapies need frequent dose adjustment during hospital admission or when patients develop electrolyte imbalance, acute kidney injury, and other acute illnesses.

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors as treatment for erectile dysfunction: a webinar-based poll unveiling perceptions of healthcare professionals.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is marked by a recurring incapacity to achieve or uphold a satisfactory erection during sexual activities. The study aims to increase awareness about male reproductive health, dispel misconceptions about ED and encourage physician-patient discussions. A live online poll was conducted during a 3-day webinar titled "Turning the Tide of Men's Health" organized by Viatris™ in collaboration with the Saudi Society of Family and Community Medicine and attended by healthcare professionals (HCPs) from diverse specialties.

Utilization of Prophylactic Antibiotics for Cardiac Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the characteristics of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) utilization and the level of adherence of King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) staff to the latest American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for AP for infective endocarditis (IE) in cardiac patients undergoing dental procedures.

Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective cohort study to investigate the relationship between AP in dental procedures and cardiac patients admitted in the surgical wards of KSUMC between 2015 and 2021. All cardiac patients who underwent dental procedures were included in the study.

2023 National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association Focused Update of the 2019 Saudi Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure.

Background: The burden of cardiovascular diseases is undeniable in local populations, who have high mortality rates and a young age of disease onset. A systematic review of emerging evidence and update of the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) 2019 heart failure (HF) guidelines was therefore undertaken.

Methodology: A panel of expert cardiologists reviewed recommendations of the 2019 guidelines following the Saudi Heart Association methodology for guideline recommendations.

A strategy to improve adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and the role of the multidisciplinary team in a heart-failure programme.

Background: Heart failure (HF) patients place a heavy burden on the healthcare system because of their frequent need for in-patient treatment, emergency room visits and subsequent hospital stays. To provide proper care and effective therapy, practitioners have streamlined delivery techniques such as clinical pathways, checklists and pocket manuals. However, a description of the establishment of a disease-management programme, including a multidisciplinary team of physicians, clinical pharmacists and nurse specialists is required.

Incidence, clinical predictors, and clinical effect of new-onset atrial fibrillation in myocardial infarction patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To calculate the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) in myocardial infarction (MI) patients and examine associated predictors and clinical outcomes of NOAF patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was used to carry out this study. All MI patients admitted to King Khaled University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2015 to 2020 were eligible for inclusion.

Ischemic cardiomyopathy versus non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in diabetic patients: clinical characteristics, management, and long-term outcomes.

Background: Diabetes mellitus causes ischemic heart disease (IHD) through macrovascular or microvascular involvement. Diabetes-associated hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity further increase coronary artery disease risk and can cause left ventricular hypertrophy leading to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction independent of IHD. This study was undertaken to evaluate the differences in demographics, clinical characteristics, Echocardiographic parameters, management, and outcomes between non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients in cohort of diabetes patients.

The Primary Management Strategies for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Sub-Study of the Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry.

Background and objective Not all patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Saudi Arabia are managed with a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We analyzed the management strategies for STEMI patients in the Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (STARS). The strategies include PPCI, revascularization with thrombolytic therapy, and conservative management.

Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) in Predicting Coronary Artery Disease Compared to Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in a Single Center from Saudi Arabia.

This study aims to study the efficiency of the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) for determining coronary artery disease. It compares the frequency of abnormal WHtR, as a proxy for abdominal obesity, to that of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). It also relates the findings to other cardiometabolic risk factors in University Hospital patients.

Surgical mitral valve replacement using direct implantation of Sapien 3 valve in a patients with severe mitral annular calcification without adjunctive techniques, a case report.

Background: Mitral annular calcification (MAC) occurs represents a challenge to surgeons during mitral valve (MV) surgery with increased perioperative risk.

Case Presentation: We describe a challenging case of an elderly female patient with multiple comorbidities who presented with symptoms and signs of heart failure with a previous history of mechanical aortic valve replacement 15 years prior to presentation. Echocardiogram showed severe mitral stenosis and regurgitation with severe calcification of the mitral annulus.

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome.

Background: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) can be complicated by several cardiovascular conditions. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in patients with OHS.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, all consecutive OHS patients referred to the sleep disorders clinic between January 2002 to December 2016 were included (n=113).

Congenital ventricular diverticulum and MI - Diagnostic challenges and implications.

The use of modern cardiac imaging techniques suggests that congenital ventricular diverticulum (CVD) may be more common than generally believed and may present asymptomatically in adult life. We present a case of congenital left ventricular diverticulum diagnosed in a patient presenting with myocardial infarction (MI). The case highlights the importance of the differential diagnosis of CVD from post infarct left ventricular aneurysms (PILVA) and suggests that adult studies using modern imaging techniques are needed to define the prognosis for asymptomatic CVD in order to guide management.

The prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of diastolic heart failure: a clinical study in elderly Saudi patients with up to 5 years follow-up.

Data from 519 patients older than 65 years with congestive heart failure (CHF) were analyzed after 5 years of clinical follow-up. Two groups were included in the analysis: 321 patients with ejection fractions > or =50% (group with diastolic heart failure) and 198 patients with reduced ejection fraction <50% (group with systolic heart failure). Hypertension (81%) was the strongest predictor of congestive heart failure, followed by diabetes (46%) and coronary disease (33%).

Immediate and intermediate results of intracoronary stand-alone bolus administration of eptifibatide during coronary intervention (ICE) study.

Background: This study evaluated the immediate and intermediate results of intracoronary (i.c.) eptifibatide administration during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Cardiac unilateral pulmonary edema: is it really a rare presentation?

Unilateral pulmonary edema is a distinctly unusual clinical entity that presents interesting and confusing diagnostic challenges. It is usually described as occurring with re-expansion of a collapsed lung after rapid thoracocentesis of pleural air or pleural fluid. Unilateral pulmonary edema as an initial presenting manifestation for heart failure is uncommon and can be confused with other more common causes of alveolar or interstitial infiltrate, which can lead to a significant delay in treatment.

Successful lysis of intra-cardiac thrombi with streptokinase in patients with renal failure; two case reports and review of the literature.

In situ formation of thrombi within the cardiac cavities carries a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality due to the inherent danger of embolization to vital organs. This typically occurs in patients with underlying cardiac disorders associated with low flow state favoring regional stagnation of blood and subsequent clotting. Occasionally, extra-cardiac conditions such as renal failure predispose to the development of intra-cardiac thrombi in the presence or absence of identifiable cardiac abnormalities.

Exertional dizziness and syncope caused by anomalous left coronary artery origin from the right sinus of Valsalva.

Coronary anomalies are generally rare, but has fascinating congenital cardiac disease entities, recognized in less than 1.3% of all coronary angiograms. Left coronary artery arising from right sinus of valsalva RSOV represents an extremely uncommon subtype.

Successful bailout percutaneous coronary intervention for immediate surgical complication.

This case report describes a 36-year-old male with acute complete occlusion of his dominant left circumflex coronary artery after mechanical mitral valve replacement. The patient was successfully treated with percutaneous catheter intervention using drug-eluting coronary stents.