Access to the World Health Organization-recommended essential diagnostics for invasive fungal infections in critical care and cancer patients in Africa: A diagnostic survey.

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) contribute to significant morbidity and mortality among patients with haemato-oncological conditions, seriously ill hospitalised patients and those in intensive care (ICU). We surveyed for the World Health Organization-recommended essential diagnostic tests for IFIs in these risk groups in Africa.

Methods: The Global Action For Fungal Infections (GAFFI) evaluated the different levels of access to both diagnostics for IFIs for populations in Africa, with the aim of building a comparative dataset and a publicly available interactive map.

VAGINALIS INFECTION AMONG ASYMPTOMATIC UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

Background: is one of the common non- viral sexually transmitted infections that infect both men and women worldwide. It is largely asymptomatic and its association with the risk of HIV transmission has made it a compelling public health concern. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with among asymptomatic undergraduate students at Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria.

A multicenter survey of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia among patients with advanced HIV disease in Nigeria.

As of 2018, cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease (AHD) was not routinely implemented in Nigeria despite being recommended in the national HIV treatment guidelines. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia in adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Nigeria to advocate for the implementation of routine CrAg screening. A descriptive cross-sectional study and CrAg screening of consecutive adult PLHIV with CD4 counts ≤200 cells/μL was conducted from April 2018 to April 2019 at HIV clinics in eleven tertiary hospitals spread across Nigeria's six geopolitical regions.

Standardization of IgG diagnostic cutoff in Nigerians.

Background And Objectives: Commercial IgG antibody assays have become pivotal in the current diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). However, diagnostic cutoffs have been found to vary from manufactures' recommendations in different settings. This study aimed to establish the IgG reference range among Nigerians and determine a diagnostic cutoff for CPA.

Trichoscopic features of tinea capitis among primary school children in north central Nigeria.

Background: The myriad of coexisting risk factors for tinea capitis (TC) in parts of Africa makes it common among schoolchildren from this region. Diagnosis ideally involves microscopy and culture of scalp scrapings, which is not always feasible in resource-poor settings. Small-scale reports have identified trichoscopy (dermoscopy of hair and surrounding skin) as a cheap, quick, and simple tool for evaluating TC.

PATTERN OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH INTENSIVE CARE UNIT INFECTIONS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA.

Background: Patients admitted into the intensive care unit (ICU) usually have impaired immunity and are therefore at high risk of acquiring hospital associated infections. Infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms now constitute a major problem, limiting the choice of antimicrobial therapy.

Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistance pattern of pathogens causing ICU infections in University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria.

Rapid HIV Antigen-Antibody Assays and Detection of Acute HIV Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Detection of acute HIV infection is a unique problem that fourth-generation HIV assays were expected to alleviate. In this commentary, we draw attention to the limitations and challenges with use of currently available rapid antigen-antibody (Ag/Ab) combination tests for detection of acute HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory-based HIV-1 Ag/Ab immunoassays are complex, requiring specialized equipment and handling that are currently not affordable in many settings in Africa.

Predictors of tuberculosis treatment success among HIV-TB co-infected patients attending major tuberculosis treatment sites in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Introduction: tuberculosis (TB) is the commonest opportunistic infection and cause of death in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in developing countries. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 85% treatment success rate for all TB cases as an indicator of TB control. The study aimed at determining TB treatment success rate among TB-HIV co-infected patients and identifying predictors of successful treatment among patients in TB treatment sites in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

An Update on the Roles of Non- Species in Vulvovaginitis.

species are one of the commonest causes of vaginitis in healthy women of reproductive age. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is characterized by vulvovaginal itching, redness and discharge. , which is a common genito-urinary tract commensal, has been the prominent species and remains the most common fungal agent isolated from clinical samples of patients diagnosed with VVC.

Prevalence of enteric parasitic infections among people living with HIV in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Introduction: Enteric parasitic infections have been increasingly recognized as etiology of life-threatening chronic diarrhea in PLWHA in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the prevalence and burden of intestinal parasitic infection among PLWHA in Abeokuta, southwest Nigeria.

Methods: Freshly passed stool samples were collected from PLWHA.

High prevalence of dihydrofolate reductase gene mutations in Plasmodium falciparum parasites among pregnant women in Nigeria after reported use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.

This study assesses the prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia positivity and P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) mutations in parasite isolates among pregnant women in Southwest Nigeria. Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia was confirmed by microscopy and nested PCR in 200 pregnant women attending antenatal care.

Comparative performance of Aspergillus galactomannan ELISA and PCR in sputum from patients with ABPA and CPA.

Objectives: Galactomannan (GM) and Aspergillus DNA detection are useful tools for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), primarily in blood and bronchoscopy samples. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of both markers for detection of Aspergillus in sputum from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA).

Methods: ABPA or CPA demographic patient data were retrieved.

Comparative study of aerobic pathogenic bacteria isolates from patients with recurrent tonsillitis.

Background: To find out if isolated aerobic bacteria pathogens from surface tonsillar swab can correctly predict the infective pathogens within the core tonsillar tissues in recurrent tonsillitis.

Methods: This was a prospective, hospital based study of 60 patients with recurrent tonsillitis at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Surface swabs of the infected-tonsils-biopsies-of the core tonsillar tissues were obtained.

Dyslipidemia in ART-Naive HIV-Infected Persons in Nigeria--Implications for Care.

Aims: This study aimed to describe the prevalence and pattern of lipid abnormalities among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV patients, understand if there is any relationship to virologic and immunologic status, and discuss the implications for care.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of all ART-naive HIV-infected individuals recruited into the adult ARV clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January and December 2006, were analyzed.

Results: In total, 1316 ART-naive HIV-infected persons were recruited in the period.

Genital ulcer diseases among HIV-infected female commercial sex workers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

We evaluated the prevalence and association of Genital Ulcer Diseases (GUDs) among HIV-1 infected female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) in Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 250 FCSWs from brothels in Ibadan were tested for presence of antibodies to HIV and Syphilis. Pelvic examinations for signs of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were carried out on the subjects.

Characterization of a novel β-lactamase-producing plasmid in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: sequence analysis and molecular typing of host gonococci.

Objectives: To determine the complete nucleotide sequence of the novel Johannesburg β-lactamase-encoding gonococcal plasmid (pEM1) and to determine the strain relatedness of Johannesburg plasmid-containing penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) by molecular typing.

Methods: Eleven PPNG isolates containing the Johannesburg β-lactamase-encoding plasmid were previously identified among gonococci isolated from men with urethral discharge attending a clinic in Alexandra (Johannesburg) using a PCR assay. DNA sequence-based characterization of one such plasmid was performed to determine its relatedness to the prototype Asia plasmid.

Prevalence of otomycosis in Ibadan: a review of laboratory reports.

Otomycosis has typically been described as fungal infection of the external auditory canal with infrequent complications involving the middle ear. Because of the dearth of data on the prevalence of Otomycosis in this environment and increased rate of immunosuppression, this study was aimed at finding the prevalence and fungal etiological agents responsible for this condition. Aretrospective review of the laboratory reports of ear swabs of patients that presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of fungal infections of the ear like otorrhoea, otalgia and aural fullness were done.

Plasmid-mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in South Africa: prevalence, detection and typing using a novel molecular assay.

Background: To detect and type plasmids responsible for penicillin and tetracycline resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates using a novel duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

Methods: A duplex PCR assay, to detect and type penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG), and plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistant N.

Non-penicillinase producing Neisseria gonnorhoeae: are they still in existence in Ibadan, Nigeria?

In an attempt to evaluate the current prevalence rate of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and whether non-PPNG strains are still in existence in Ibadan, Nigeria, all isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from patients that attended our clinic between January and December 1997 were studied. Of the 155 patients that had gonococcal infections, 118 were male (76.1%) and 37 (23.

Pattern of sexually transmitted diseases among commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Ibadan, Nigeria.

The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of STDs among commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Ibadan, Nigeria. The subjects were 169 CSWs randomly selected from 18 brothels, majority of who were examined and investigated in their rooms. Another 136 women without symptoms who visited the special treatment clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan were selected as a normal control group.

Non-gonococcal urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis: the Ibadan experience.

Using a qualitative amplified enzyme-linked immunoassay, two hundred and eighty-nine male patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of urethritis were investigated for Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). Ninety-one (31.49%) of the 289 male patients investigated had gonococcal urethritis whilst 198 (68.

Ureaplasma urealyticum as a cause of non-gonococcal urethritis: the Ibadan experience.

Two hundred and eighteen men with confirmed urethritis were investigated for Ureaplasma urealyticum at the Special Treatment Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan between 5th January and 28th December 2000. Sixty-four (29.35%) of the 218 patients had gonococcal urethritis whilst 154 (70.

Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonnorhoeae: the review of the present situation in Ibadan, Nigeria.

All the isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from patients that attended special treatment Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between 15th January 1997 and 15th December 1999 were studied so as to review the present prevalence rate of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) in Ibadan. Of the 214 patients that had gonococcal infections, 161 were male (75.2%) and 53 (24.