A Review of Current Techniques in Lip Reposition Surgery for Treating Excessive Gingival Display.

Excessive gingival display (EGD), commonly known as a gummy smile (GS), is a cosmetic concern that involves exposing a significant area of gum tissue during a smile, rendering it unaesthetic. Gingival exposure greater than 3 mm is deemed aesthetically displeasing and often necessitates treatment to mask the gummy smile. The causes of EGD are multifactorial, including altered passive eruption (APE), hypermobile upper lip (HUL), short lip length, increased vertical maxillary component, gingival hyperplasia, dentoalveolar extrusion, and more.