Openness to experience, a personality trait that reduces susceptibility to memory age-based stereotype threat.

Introduction: Age-based stereotype threat (ABST), the concern of being judged according to a negative age stereotype may lead to underperformance in the stereotype domain. The present study aims to replicate the negative effect of ABST on episodic memory. Importantly, we further examine openness to experience as a potential buffer of the ABST effect as well as the role that different memory strategies may play in episodic memory performance.

Protective effects of physical activity on episodic memory during aging are explained by executive functioning.

Aging is marked by a memory decline related to an executive function decline. Physical activity (PA) has beneficial effects on both executive functions and memory, especially in aging. The protective effects of PA on these two cognitive abilities have always been studied separately, despite the well-established relationship between memory and executive functions.

Improving Quality Care and Patient Safety With Implementation of an Oversew Stitch in Lumbar Drains.

The lumbar drain exit site purse string oversew stitch is a well-described bedside intervention to stop or prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. It is not routinely placed at the time of lumbar drain placement. Via four plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles, we test the effect of prophylactic utilization of the lumbar drain exit site oversew stitch on house officers' paging burden, need to redress the drain, need to oversew the drain to stop a CSF leak, and need to replace the drain.

Modeling Running via Optimal Control for Shoe Design.

Shoe manufacturing technology is advancing faster than new shoe designs can viably be evaluated in human subject trials. To aid in the design process, this paper presents a model for estimating how new shoe properties will affect runner performance. This model assumes runners choose their gaits to optimize an intrinsic, unknown objective function.

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Colonoscopy in Real-World Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) could minimize the operator-dependent variation in colonoscopy quality. Computer-aided detection (CADe) has improved adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC) in randomized controlled trials. There is a need to assess the impact of CADe in real-world settings.

The respective contribution of cognitive control and working memory to semantic and subjective organization in aging.

Organizing information is beneficial to episodic memory performance. Among several possible organizational strategies, two consist of organizing the information in semantic clusters (semantic organization) or self-organizing the information based on new associations that do not exist in semantic memory (subjective organization). Here, we investigated in a single study how these two organizational behaviors were underlined by different controlled processes and whether these relations were subjected to age-related differences.

Success of Pregnancy in a Patient on High-Volume Hemodiafiltration with Citrate-Acidified Dialysate.

Although pregnancy in dialysis patients is rare, recent reports in the literature have shown improvement in pregnancy outcome in this population. Increasing doses of dialysis have led to improvement in fetal prognosis, but recommendations are still lacking, and there are few documented reports of pregnant woman on high-volume online hemodiafiltration. Here, we report the first successful pregnancy in a 28-year-old patient on daily high-volume online post-dilution hemodiafiltration with a citrate dialysate.

Factors affecting untargeted detection of doping agents in biological samples.

Doping control is essential for sports, and untargeted detection of doping agents (UDDA) is the holy grail for anti-doping strategies. The present study examined major factors impacting UDDA with metabolomic data processing, including the use of blank samples, signal-to-noise ratio thresholds, and the minimum chromatographic peak intensity. Contrary to data processing in metabolomics studies, both blank sample use (either blank solvent or plasma) and marking of background compounds were found to be unnecessary for UDDA in biological samples, the first such report to the authors' knowledge.

Police stops to reduce crime: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Police-initiated pedestrian stops have been one of the most widely used crime prevention tactics in modern policing. Proponents have long considered police stops to be an indispensable component of crime prevention efforts, with many holding them responsible for the significant reductions in violent crime observed across major US cities in recent decades. Critics, however, have taken issue with the overuse of pedestrian stops, linking them to worsening mental and physical health, attitudes toward the police, and elevated delinquent behavior for individuals directly subject to them.

[Aging, memory performance and metacognitive beliefs: a narrative review].

Aging is characterized by an increase in older adults’ negative beliefs about their memory. These negative metamemory beliefs are thought to decrease their motivation to engage in memory tasks and to implement effective memory strategies leading to decreased memory performance. Memory assessment conditions tend to accentuate this phenomenon by increasing the salience of negative metamemory beliefs, resulting in an artificial reduction in memory performance (i.

Automated identification of unknown doping agents in confiscation samples by flow-injection mass spectrometry and mass spectral library searches.

Rapid and accurate identification of unknown compounds within suspicious samples confiscated for sports doping control and law enforcement drug testing is critical, but such analyses are often conducted manually and can be time-consuming. Here, we report a methodology for automated identification of unknown substances in confiscation samples by rapid automatic flow-injection analysis on a liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry system and identifying unknown compounds with Compound Discoverer software. The developed methodology was validated by comparing the automated identification results with those obtained from manual syringe-infusion experiments and manual tandem mass spectral library searches.

Creativity During COVID-19: Evaluating an Online TimeSlips Storytelling Program for People Living With Dementia During Quarantine in Colombia.

Background And Objectives: Since its first implementation in 1998, evidence has been presented of the positive impact of the TimeSlips storytelling method for people with dementia in long-term care (LTC) settings. This article extends this evidence in important new directions: it is the longest TimeSlips study to date and the first to evaluate the feasibility of online delivery of the method (in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] quarantine) and the impact of this on the personhood, quality of life, and psychological well-being of Spanish-speaking participants in non-LTC settings in the Global South.

Research Design And Methods: Trained facilitators provided weekly, 1-hr TimeSlips sessions via Zoom over 32 consecutive weeks to 8 participants with dementia.

The protective effect of educational level varies as a function of the difficulty of the memory task in ageing.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to explore the effects of age and educational level on recall performance and organisational strategies used during recall as a function of the level of memory task difficulty. Younger ( = 55, age range = 20-39 years) and older ( = 45, age range = 65-75 years) adults learned a word list where the words were either already semantically grouped (easier) or presented in pseudo-random order (harder), and then recalled the words. The number of words recalled was calculated, and an index of clustering was computed to assess organisational strategies.

Metamemory mediates the protective effect of cognitive reserve on episodic memory during aging.

The present study investigated the impact of cognitive reserve on episodic memory and metamemory control during aging using a multidimensional index of cognitive reserve and a measure of metamemory control abilities. We tested the hypotheses that cognitive reserve may play a protective role against age-related differences in episodic memory and metamemory control and that metamemory control may mediate the effect of cognitive reserve on episodic memory during aging. Young and older adults carried out a readiness-recall task in which task difficulty was manipulated through a variation of the nature of the cue-target pair link (weak vs.

Influence of current physical exercise on the relationship between aging and episodic memory and fluid intelligence.

The present study examined the effects of current physical exercise and age on episodic memory and fluid intelligence, assessed with a free-recall task and the Culture Fair Intelligence Test (Cattell, 1963) respectively, while statistically controlling for other cognitive reserve factors (educational level, leisure activities, and vocabulary level). Two hundred and eight participants aged 20 to 85 participated in the study. Physical exercise level was indexed by weekly frequency over the last 12 months using self-reported measurement (from none to 4 times a week).

The age-related effect on electrophysiological correlates of successful episodic memory encoding supports the hypothesis of a deficit in self-initiated encoding processes in aging.

Episodic memory decline with aging may be due to an age-related deficit in encoding processing, older adults having increasing difficulty to self-initiate encoding strategies that support later retrieval. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), the present study explored for the first time the neural correlates of successful encoding in a resource-dependent episodic memory task, in which participants had to self-initiate processes at both encoding and retrieval. At the behavioral level, results confirm the better memory performance of young than older adults.

Episodic memory and aging: Benefits of physical activity depend on the executive resources required for the task.

Physical activity has beneficial effects on executive functions and episodic memory, two processes affected by aging. These benefits seem to depend on the type of memory task, but only a few studies have evaluated them despite their importance in understanding aging. This study aimed to confirm that the benefits of physical activity on episodic memory in older adults vary according to the executive resources required by the memory task, comparing free recall and cued recall.

Episodic memory and ageing: the role of cognitive reserve factors and cognitive resources according to task difficulty.

Background: Episodic memory is the memory system which is most affected by ageing. However, similar memory decline is not seen in all older adults. Various cognitive reserve factors, such as the Openness Personality Trait and level of educational attainment, and cognitive resources linked to these factors, such as executive control and crystallised knowledge, can predict older adults' memory performance.

Effect of self-reported internal memory strategy use on age-related episodic and working memory decline: Contribution of control processes.

We explored whether control processes could account for age-related differences in internal strategy use, which in turn would contribute to episodic and working memory decline in aging. Young and older adults completed the internal strategy subscale of the Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) questionnaire, a free-recall task (FRT), a reading span task (RST), and 3 executive control tasks (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Initial Letter Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test) allowing us to calculate a composite index of control processes. Results indicated that both self-reported internal strategy use and control processes index accounted for a significant proportion of the age-related variance in the FRT and the RST.

[Episodic memory and aging: The role of cognitive reserve and cognitive resources according to task difficulty].

Background: Episodic memory is the most affected memory system in aging. However, memory decline is not similar in every older adult. Various cognitive reserve factors, as Openness personality trait or educational level, and cognitive resources linked to these factors, as executive control and crystallized knowledge, can predict older adults' memory performance.

Novel Algorithms for Comprehensive Untargeted Detection of Doping Agents in Biological Samples.

To address the limitations of current targeted analytical methods that can only detect known doping agents, a novel methodology that permits untargeted drug detection (UDD) has been developed to help in the fight against doping in sports. Fifty-seven drugs were spiked into blank equine plasma and were treated as unknowns since their exact masses and chromatographic retention times were not utilized for detection. The spiked drugs were extracted from the plasma samples and were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS).

CRISPRcruncher: A tool for engineering restriction sites into coding regions.

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing strategies often rely on the placement of an introduced restriction endonuclease (RE) site adjacent to the genomic edit of interest. This allows for rapid initial PCR-based detection of cells and organisms containing the edit of interest and may also be used for subsequent genotyping. Nevertheless, engineering RE sites at optimal locations within coding regions can be difficult due to the many hundreds of potential endonuclease options and the strict requirement to maintain the correct amino acid sequence.

Characterisation of buried blast loading.

While it is well known that detonation of shallow-buried high explosive charges generally results in above-surface loading which is greatly amplified compared with the same detonation in air, uncertainty persists as to the mechanisms leading to this effect. The work presented in this paper is a systematic investigation into the mechanisms of load transfer in buried blast events. This paper details the results from a parametric study into the mechanisms and magnitudes of load transfer following a shallow-buried explosion, where spatial and temporal load distributions are directly measured on a rigid surface using an array of Hopkinson pressure bars.