Long-term health consequences of central precocious/early puberty (CPP) and treatment with Gn-RH analogue: a short update.

Background: The relationship between precocious or early puberty and its treatment has received significant research attention, yielding diverse outcomes. This short review aims to comprehensively analyze and summarize research articles to elucidate the potential link between precocious or early pubertal onset (CPP) and crucial health factors.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies published from -January 2000 to March 2023, sourced from databases of Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science.

Qatar population-specific centile charts of placental weight in 80 722 newborns: relation to maternal age, gestational age, newborn birth weight, and gender, between the 37 th and 42 nd weeks of gestation.

Background: Data about placental weight (PW) in relation to birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) are lacking in Arabic countries.

Aims Of The Study: (a) to find out the national PW standards for babies born between 37th and 42nd weeks of gestation in male and female babies born in Qatar; (b) to study the relation, if any, between PW and maternal age, gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and gender of the newborn.

Materials And Methods: A National population-based retrospective chart review study was conducted between 1-2016 to 12-2019 (n = 80 722).

Nutritional studies in patients with β-thalassemia major: A short review.

Background: Patients with β-thalassemia major (BTM) had variable prevalence of undernutrition and abnormal body composition.  Methods: We performed an electronic search in PubMed, Scopus, Research gate, and Web of Sciences to evaluate the prevalence of nutritional disorders in patients with BTM worldwide in relation to their body composition and possible etiological factors. In addition, we reviewed the published nutritional intervention studies.

Postnatal Growth and Prevalence of Obesity in Infants Born Large-for-Gestational Age during the First 3 years of Life: Personal Experience and Exploration of Current Literature.

Aims Of The Study: We evaluated the growth patterns in a cohort of infants (n = 120) born large-for-gestational-age (LGA) [birth weight (Bwt) > 4 kg] from birth to age 3 years of age in comparison with normal age and sex-matched children (WHO).

Results: LGA infants had high weight for age Z score (WAZ) at birth that decreased significantly during the first 6 months of life (by a mean of - 0.67 SD) that was followed by significant gain during the following 6 months of life (around + 0.

Linear growth and prevalence of the different components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young obese nondiabetic children (below 5 years) in comparison to older obese children (6-12 years).

Background: In Qatar, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adults is increasing in parallel with the markedly increasing trends in obesity rates.

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of different components of MetS, measure plasma atherogenic indexes (AIP), and to evaluate linear growth in young obese nondiabetic children (< 5 years) in comparison to older obese children (6-12 years).  Methods:  We analysed the anthropometric and biochemical profile of 135 random sample obese children who attended to the Paediatric Clinic of Hamad Medical Centre (HGH) in Doha (Qatar) from January 2018 to December 2019.

The long-term (five years) effects of prednisone therapy in children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: A controlled study of anthropometric parameters and metabolic abnormalities.

Background: Steroids are the main drugs used for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children.

Aim Of The Study: We investigated the steroid effect on linear growth and weight gain as well as the prevalence of different metabolic components and dysglycemia in children with NS with multiple relapses for 5 years in relation to the cumulative dose of steroids. Study population and sample size: Data of 30 children with NS were analyzed retrospectively.

A Short Review on Growth and Endocrine Long-term Complications in Children and Adolescents with β-Thalassemia Major: Conventional Treatment versus Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

The conventional treatment of β-thalassemia (β-TM) patients is based on the correction of anemia through regular blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. However, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only currently available technique that has curative potential. Variable frequency and severity of long-term growth and endocrine changes after conventional treatment as well as after HSCT have been reported by different centers.

Trend in the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) among Qatari and Arab gulf children and adolescents over the past 20 years.

Letter to Editor.

Review Nutritional interventions during adolescence and their possible effects.

Nutrition is one of the most important factors affecting pubertal development. Increasing demands for energy proteins and micronutrients are necessary to cope with the rapid linear pubertal growth and development, change in body composition, and increased physical activity. Adequate nutrition is a key permissive factor for the normal timing and tempo of pubertal development.

Clinical and metabolic characteristics of children with hybrid diabetes mellitus (HD) compared to children with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): A preliminary comparative study.

Background: The term double diabetes or "Hybrid Diabetes (HD)" describes diabetes with combined features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Patients And Methods: We report the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 7 children with HD and the course of their disease including the response to treatment. The data were compared to 59 children with a diagnosis of T2DM.

A rare case of Ovarian Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor in an Infant with Isosexual Pseudo Puberty and a Revision of Literature.

Juvenile ovarian granulosa cell tumors (JGCTs) are described infrequently in pediatrics, and their finding in infants is exceptional. We highlight the presenting symptoms, radiologic images, operative management, and histopathologic findings of a 9-month-old female with isosexual pseudopuberty. An updated revision of literature in infants below the age of 12 months is also reported.

Prevalence of β-cell antibodies and associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) versus type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Qatar.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with the development of abnormal immune responses to specific β-cell autoantigens in addition to other organ-specific autoimmunity. The most frequent associated disorders are thyroid dysfunctions and celiac disease. There are limited studies in the current literature on the prevalence of associated autoimmunity, especially multiple, in children and adolescents with T1DM and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of familial type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) compared to non-familial type 1 DM (NFT1DM).

Introduction: Familial type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) comprises parent-offspring and sib-pair subgroups. The clinical and genetic characteristics of FT1DM cases with and without affected family members have been previously studied with varying results. Some investigators found similarity of presenting features whereas others reported significant differences between the two groups.

Translating the HbA1c assay into estimated average glucose values in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The A1c assay, expressed as the percent of hemoglobin that is glycated, measures chronic glycemia and is widely used to judge the adequacy of diabetes treatment and adjust therapy. Day-to-day management is guided by self-monitoring of capillary glucose concentrations (milligrams per decilitre or millimoles per litter) as well as by using continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS). We found a mathematical relationship between A1c and average glucose (AG) levels measured by CGMS over 5 days and determined the correlation between the variable CGMS parameters and HbA1c in 50 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) on MDI therapy.

Incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, between 2012-2016, among children and adolescents in Qatar.

Introduction: Diagnoses of type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youths present a substantial clinical and public health burden. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and trend of T1DM and T2DM, among children aged 0-14 years, in Qatar.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed to ascertain all new cases of T1DM and T2DM 2 in Qatar as per the registry of the National Paediatric Diabetes Centre (the only tertiary care center treating children with DM in Qatar.

The value of family history in diagnosing primary immunodeficiency disorders.

Eliciting proper family medical history is critical in decreasing morbidity and mortality in patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs). Communities with a common practice of consanguinity have a high rate of PIDs. We are presenting 2 cases where digging deeply into the family medical history resulted in the diagnosis of Omenn syndrome, a possibly fatal entity if not managed in a reasonable period.