Coronary Subclavian Steal Syndrome in a 73-Year-Old Woman Presenting with Angiographically Confirmed Subclavian Artery Stenosis Proximal to the Left Internal Mammary.

BACKGROUND Coronary subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) is an uncommon condition in which a high-grade stenosis of the subclavian artery proximal to an internal mammary artery bypass graft results in retrograde blood flow of the bypass graft. This report is of CSSS in a 73-year-old woman who presented with ventricular tachycardia and angiographically confirmed subclavian artery stenosis proximal to the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) bypass graft 3 years following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). CASE REPORT The patient was a 73-year-old woman with a past medical history of multivessel coronary artery disease, found on preoperative evaluation.

Direct-acting antivirals for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients with chronic kidney disease.

All-oral, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have significantly improved the efficacy and safety of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment but their effectiveness and safety among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains poorly understood. Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of DAAs for treatment of CKD patients. The National Library of Medicine through PubMed was searched for studies evaluating the efficacy of DAAs for the treatment of patients with CKD stages 4 or 5, as defined by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines [i.