SPECT/CT and PET/CT, related radiopharmaceuticals, and areas of application and comparison.

The paper begins by identifying the key historical elements in the development of nuclear medicine imaging, focusing on the Anger camera and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technologies. In this context, key reference is made to the physics of detection in Anger camera systems, especially key components such as the sodium iodide crystal, the function and performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the collimator design. It is discovered that within each component of technology, there are fundamental physical relationships that govern the performance of each component, and that overall image quality is the result of the complex interaction of all such elements.

Effects of COVID-19 on Synaptic and Neuronal Degeneration.

Neurons are the basic building blocks of the human body's neurological system. Atrophy is defined by the disintegration of the connections between cells that enable them to communicate. Peripheral neuropathy and demyelinating disorders, as well as cerebrovascular illnesses and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases, have all been linked to brain damage, including Parkinson's disease (PD).

Enhancement of Mammographic Images Using Histogram-Based Techniques for Their Classification Using CNN.

In the world, one in eight women will develop breast cancer. Men can also develop it, but less frequently. This condition starts with uncontrolled cell division brought on by a change in the genes that regulate cell division and growth, which leads to the development of a nodule or tumour.

The Effect of ZnO, MgO, TiO, and NaO Modifiers on the Physical, Optical, and Radiation Shielding Properties of a TeTaNb Glass System.

Novel glass samples with the composition 75TeO-5TaO-15NbO-5x (where x = ZnO, MgO, TiO, or NaO) in mole percent were prepared. The physical, optical, and gamma radiation shielding properties of the glass samples were studied over a wide energy spectrum ranging between 0.015 and 20 MeV.

The Potential Contribution of Biopolymeric Particles in Lung Tissue Regeneration of COVID-19 Patients.

The lung is a vital organ that houses the alveoli, which is where gas exchange takes place. The COVID-19 illness attacks lung cells directly, creating significant inflammation and resulting in their inability to function. To return to the nature of their job, it may be essential to rejuvenate the afflicted lung cells.

Diagnostic performance of morphometric vertebral fracture analysis (MXA) in children using a 33-point software program.

Background: There is significant inter and intraobserver variability in diagnosing vertebral fractures in children.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of morphometric vertebral fracture analysis (MXA) using a 33-point software program designed for adults, on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images of children.

Materials And Methods: Lateral spine DXA images of 420 children aged between 5 and 18 years were retrospectively reviewed.

Are semi-automated software program designed for adults accurate for the identification of vertebral fractures in children?

Objectives: To assess whether diagnostic accuracy of morphometric vertebral fracture (VF) diagnosis in children can be improved using AVERT™ (a 33-point semi-automated program developed for VF diagnosis in adults) compared with SpineAnalyzer™ (a 6-point program), which has previously been shown to be of insufficient accuracy.

Materials And Methods: Lateral spine radiographs (XR) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of 50 children and young people were analysed by two observers using two different programs (AVERT™ and SpineAnalyzer™). Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, false-negative (FN) and false-positive rates (FP)) was calculated by comparing with a previously established consensus arrived at by three experienced paediatric musculoskeletal radiologists, using a simplified algorithm-based qualitative scoring system.

Diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in children.

Osteoporosis is a generalised disorder of the skeleton with reduced bone density and abnormal bone architecture. It increases bone fragility and renders the individual susceptible to fractures. Fractures of the vertebrae are common osteoporotic fractures.