Saudi Heart Association/National Heart Center/Saudi Arabian Cardiac Interventional Society/Saudi Society for Cardiac Surgeons/Saudi Cardiac Imaging Group 2023 TAVI Guidelines.

Saudi Arabia has seen a significant improvement in its healthcare system over the past four decades resulting in an increase in life-expectancy. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has spread widely in Saudi Arabia and has become a routine procedure in many centers. The expanding clinical indications and the availability of the technology have made it possible for many large and intermediate centers all over the country to commence their own TAVI programs.

Kounis Syndrome: A Case Report and a Review of Recent Literature.

Kounis syndrome (KS) is commonly defined as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) secondary to exposure to an allergen. There are multiple identified allergens that are associated with KS, examples include medications, food, and contrast media. After exposure to an allergen, the allergic pathway is triggered leading to vasospasm in coronary vessels which later on presents as AMI.

An exploration of factors influencing the selection of generic and innovator medicines in Saudi Arabia using an observational cross-sectional study.

Background And Objectives: Generic medications are cost-effective without compromising therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate, using a cross-sectional study design, the factors influencing Saudi Arabian consumers' preferences between innovator and generic medications.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Saudi Arabia using a Google survey form.

Low grade oncocytic renal tumor (LOT): Clinicopathological characterization of 13 cases.

Context: Low grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) is a recently recognized renal oncocytic neoplasm with unique morphologic and immunohistochemical pattern (CK7 +, CD117 -) that differentiates them from oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChrRCC).

Objective: To further evaluate the histomorphological characteristics as well as the clinical outcome of low grade oncocytic tumors, retrospectively.

Design: Thirteen cases of LOT were identified from 463 cases of renal oncocytic neoplasm in our pathology archive.

Metal-insulator transition and resistive switching in Y-doped CeO ceramics.

Y-doped ceria, YCeO, is an oxide ion conductor that shows n-type conductivity under a small applied voltage. With increasing voltage, resistive switching by 2-3 orders of magnitude occurs that is reversible with some hysteresis and is enhanced in atmospheres of reduced pO. The switching is a bulk effect, is not associated with Schottky barriers or with a crystallographic transition, occurs rapidly after a premonitory onset period depending on conditions and shows characteristics of a Mott transition.

Malignant germ cell tumors in men aged 50 years and over are associated with adverse pathologic features and higher stage at presentation.

Background: Germ cell tumors (GCT) are the most common malignancy in men in the third and fourth decades of life. The occurrence of malignant GCT in men aged 50 years or over is rare, and their histopathologic characteristics and outcome is insufficiently characterized in the medical literature. Hence, we report the histopathologic features and clinical outcome of malignant GCTs in men aged ≥50 years at our institution.

Malignant juxtaglomerular cell tumor.

Juxtaglomerular cell tumors (JGCTs) are rare, typically benign neoplasms; only rare cases are clinically or histologically malignant. We herein report the histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of a clinically unsuspected, diagnostically challenging case of malignant JGCT in a 23-year-old man. The diagnosis is confirmed with electron microscopy.

Incidence, predictors, and clinical outcomes of permanent pacemaker insertion following transcatheter aortic valve implantation in an Arab population.

Purpose: Conduction defects requiring permanent pacemaker insertion (PPI) are one of the most common complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and predictors of this complication as well as to assess clinical outcomes of patients requiring PPI after TAVI in an Arab population.

Methods: In this single-center, retrospective cohort analysis, all patients who underwent TAVI from 2010 to 2018 were reviewed; seventy-four independent variables were collected per patient, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors.

Coronary Artery Ectasia with Acute Myocardial Infarction, A Case Report.

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE), also known as aneurysmal coronary artery disease, is defined as an abnormal diffuse (ectasia) or segmental (aneurysmal) dilatation of any branch of the coronary arteries. It is a well-recognized entity with 1.2-4.

Molecular Characterization and Clinical Outcomes of Primary Gleason Pattern 5 Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy.

Purpose: Very high-risk prostate cancer (PC) is associated with poor response to local and systemic treatments; however, few cases have been molecularly profiled. We studied clinical outcomes and molecular profiles of patients with clinically localized primary Gleason pattern 5 PC.

Patients And Methods: Clinicopathologic features, targeted somatic and germline sequencing, and PTEN, TP53, and ERG status by immunohistochemistry were assessed in patients undergoing surgery from 2005 to 2015; 60 consecutive patients were identified with Gleason score 5 + 4 = 9 or 5 + 5 = 10 PC after radical prostatectomy with available tissue and clinical follow-up.

The first survey of the Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Program: Main results and long-term outcomes (STARS-1 Program).

Background: Prior acute coronary syndrome (ACS) registries in Saudi Arabia might not have accurately described the true demographics and cardiac care of patients with ACS. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of a representative sample of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: We conducted a 1-month snap-shot, prospective, multi-center registry study in 50 hospitals from various health care sectors in Saudi Arabia.

MSH2 Loss in Primary Prostate Cancer.

Inactivation of mismatch repair (MMR) genes may predict sensitivity to immunotherapy in metastatic prostate cancers. We studied primary prostate tumors with MMR defects. A total of 1,133 primary prostatic adenocarcinomas and 43 prostatic small cell carcinomas (NEPC) were screened by MSH2 immunohistochemistry with confirmation by next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Analytic, Preanalytic, and Clinical Validation of p53 IHC for Detection of Missense Mutation in Prostate Cancer.

missense mutations may help to identify prostate cancer with lethal potential. Here, we preanalytically, analytically, and clinically validated a robust IHC assay to detect subclonal and focal missense mutations in prostate cancer. The p53 IHC assay was performed in a CLIA-accredited laboratory on the Ventana Benchmark immunostaining system.

Occlusal outcomes in combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment.

Objective: To investigate the treatment outcome in terms of the malocclusion features and the changes in the occlusion of patients undergoing orthodontic/orthognathic treatment using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) and to test the application of the Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need (IOFTN) on this sample as a measure of orthognathic pre-treatment need.

Design: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: The orthodontic department at the Eastman Dental Hospital.

Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of PTEN Loss in African-American and European-American Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.

Unlabelled: African-American (AA) men have a higher risk of lethal prostate cancer (PCa) compared to European-American (EA) men. However, the molecular basis of this difference, if any, remains unclear. In EA PCa, PTEN loss, but not ERG rearrangement, has been associated with poor outcomes in most studies.

Analytic Validation of RNA In Situ Hybridization (RISH) for AR and AR-V7 Expression in Human Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: RNA expression of androgen receptor splice variants may be a biomarker of resistance to novel androgen deprivation therapies in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We analytically validated an RNA in situ hybridization (RISH) assay for total AR and AR-V7 for use in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate tumors.

Experimental Design: We used prostate cell lines and xenografts to validate chromogenic RISH to detect RNA containing AR exon 1 (AR-E1, surrogate for total AR RNA species) and cryptic exon 3 (AR-CE3, surrogate for AR-V7 expression).

Safety and effectiveness of ezetimibe in liver transplant recipients with hypercholesterolemia.

Hypercholesterolemia is a common problem among transplant recipients. Despite package-insert warnings about the potential side effects of the use of statins in patients with chronic liver disease, they are often prescribed for liver transplant recipients. Unlike statins, ezetimibe acts through inhibition of enterohepatic recirculation of lipids.