Intralymphatic Immunotherapy with Ultrasound Guidance Seems to Be Associated with Improved Clinical Effect in Canine Atopic Dermatitis-A Retrospective Study of 109 Cases.

Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) has been used successfully in both human and veterinary medicine as a safe and effective treatment for allergic diseases. Initially, ILIT was administered by ultrasound guidance, but palpation-based injections have become more popular among veterinary dermatologists. Data from human medicine, however, show that precise injection into the lymph node is mandatory, and injection quality clearly correlates with clinical response.

Rapid induction of allergen-blocking IgG in dogs vaccinated with plant-based, Der f 2-expressing bioparticles.

Background: Allergen-carrying virus-like particles are effective and safe means of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in rodent models.

Objective: To study the development of allergen-blocking immunoglobulin (Ig)G in dogs injected with Der f 2-carrying enveloped plant-based bioparticles (eBPs).

Materials And Methods: Laboratory beagle dogs were injected intradermally (ID) or subcutaneously (SC) with Der f 2-eBP three times at 2-week intervals.

Identification of cross-reactive allergens between the Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite and the Toxocara canis nematode in dogs with suspected allergies.

Background: Immunoglobulin (Ig)E cross-reactivity has been shown between Dermatophagoides farinae (Df; house dust mite) and the nematode Toxocara canis (Tc), yet its allergen basis is unknown.

Objectives: To identify the Df allergens IgE-cross-reactive with those of Tc.

Animals: Archived sera from 73 dogs with suspected allergy sensitised to Df.

Exploring the Potentiality of a Plant Platform for Monoclonal Antibody Production in Veterinary Medicine.

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an allergic, inflammatory, and pruritic skin disease associated with the production of IgE antibodies against environmental allergens and mainly house dust mite allergens. This complex dermatological pathology involves Interleukin 31 (IL-31) as a central itch mediator. One of the most effective CAD treatments is a caninized monoclonal antibody (mAb) called Lokivetmab.

Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy in Dogs: Safety and Clinical Efficacy.

Hymenoptera allergens are the main triggers for anaphylaxis in susceptible dogs and humans. Hymenoptera venom specific immunotherapy (VIT), the only disease-modifying treatment, has the potential to prevent future life-threatening reactions in human patients. Prospective clinical data on VIT efficacy in dogs are currently lacking.

Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora americana in a dog.

Phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in a 6-year-old, male castrated Dachshund on immunosuppressive treatment. The fungus was identified by culture and PCR as Phialophora americana. This is the first reported case of infection with this pathogen in a dog.

Interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 plasma levels in atopic dogs before and during immunotherapy.

Background: Human studies suggest that the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) may play an important role in allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). However, there is little known about the function of these cytokines in atopic dogs. This study compared the plasma levels of IL-10 and TGF-ß1 in atopic and control dogs and investigated their changes during different ASIT approaches.

A novel therapeutic diet can significantly reduce the medication score and pruritus of dogs with atopic dermatitis during a nine-month controlled study.

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common chronic relapsing pruritic skin disease for which management commonly relies on life-long use of immunomodulatory drugs. A number of the medications used are associated with adverse effects and the potential for complications during long-term use.

Hypothesis: The goal of the study was to determine if a complete and balanced diet formulated for therapeutic benefit could contribute towards management of cAD.

Establishment of a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection.

There is growing evidence that equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection is etiologically associated with the development of genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and precursor lesions in equids. However, the precise mechanisms underlying neoplastic progression remain unknown. To allow the study of EcPV2-induced carcinogenesis, we aimed to establish a primary equine cell culture model of EcPV2 infection.

A proposed medication score for long-term trials of treatment of canine atopic dermatitis sensu lato.

Background: The use of concurrent medications is necessary in trials of treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. Our aim was to use the best available evidence to construct and then to validate a medication score (MS) formula that will estimate the impact of concurrent medications on trial outcomes.

Methods: Trials of 15 interventions were scrutinized to find those that were consistent in terms of specific medication, administration route and dosage regimen.

Sensitivity and specificity of a shortened elimination diet protocol for the diagnosis of food-induced atopic dermatitis (FIAD).

Background: The gold standard to diagnose food allergy in dogs is an eight week elimination diet trial (EDT) followed by a re-challenge. A recent study demonstrated that a shorter EDT is possible if prednisolone is administered initially.

Hypothesis/objectives: The goal was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the EDT based on the number of relapses after prednisolone discontinuation.

Atopic dermatitis in West Highland white terriers - Part III: early life peripheral blood regulatory T cells are reduced in atopic dermatitis.

Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells are involved in homeostasis of immune regulation and suppression of inflammation and T-cell polarisation. Current knowledge regarding the role of Treg cells in the initiation of allergic disease is limited for both people and dogs.

Objectives: To explore the role of circulating Treg cells and their possible influencing factors, on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD).

Evaluation of Plasma C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker in Dogs with Atopic -Dermatitis Receiving Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: A Pilot Study.

In this pilot study, we wished to determine if C-reactive protein (CRP) levels could be a useful severity or treatment biomarker for canine atopic dermatitis (AD). Nine atopic dogs received allergen immunotherapy for 1 year. Blood was collected before and at four re-evaluation visits.

Venom immunotherapy for Hymenoptera allergy in a dog.

A 1.5-year-old male castrated dog was presented in anaphylactic shock after suffering an apparent bee sting. Immunotherapy with bee venom was initiated based upon history, skin testing and serological testing for allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E.

Transcriptional frameshifts contribute to protein allergenicity.

Transcription infidelity (TI) is a mechanism that increases RNA and protein diversity. We found that single-base omissions (i.e.

A comparative study of subcutaneous, intralymphatic and sublingual immunotherapy for the long-term control of dogs with nonseasonal atopic dermatitis.

Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only causative treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Different routes for administration of ASIT have been used; however, comparative studies are lacking.

Hypothesis/objectives: The present study compared the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SCIT), intralymphatic (ILIT) and sublingual (SLIT) immunotherapy.

Atopic dermatitis in a cohort of West Highland white terriers in Switzerland. Part II: estimates of early life factors and heritability.

Background: There is accumulating evidence in studies of allergic diseases in humans and dogs that environmental experiences during the first months of life can influence the development of allergic disease. No prospective study has evaluated this in veterinary medicine.

Hypothesis/objectives: To assess early-life risk factors for canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) and estimate its heritability.

Impact of the early-life skin microbiota on the development of canine atopic dermatitis in a high-risk breed birth cohort.

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease of dogs worldwide. Certain breeds such as the West Highland White Terriers (WHWT) are predisposed to suffer from CAD. Microbial dysbiosis is known to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease, which is similar to its human counterpart, atopic dermatitis (AD).

Atopic dermatitis in West Highland white terriers - part I: natural history of atopic dermatitis in the first three years of life.

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common allergic skin disease that is known to affect individuals early in life; the natural history of its initial development has not been documented. Some breeds such as West Highland white terriers (WHWTs) are highly predisposed to cAD.

Objectives: To follow 100 WHWT puppies during their first three years and to record the onset of clinical signs of cAD.

Paving the way for more precise diagnosis of EcPV2-associated equine penile lesions.

Background: There is growing evidence that equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection is causally associated with the development of equine genital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Early stages of disease present clinically as plaques or wart-like lesions which can gradually progress to tumoural lesions. Histologically these lesions are inconsistently described as benign hyperplasia, papilloma, penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), carcinoma in situ (CIS) or SCC.