Impact of two human milk oligosaccharides and lactose on the faecal microbiome of infants with probable cow's milk allergy.

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infancy is associated with intestinal microbial dysbiosis, characterised by low Bifidobacteriaceae levels. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of two human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), lactose (L), and their combination on the faecal microbiome and metabolome of infants with CMPA. Stool samples of 12 term infants with probable CMPA (mean age 4.

Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose is associated with lowering of plasma phosphate levels in patients with gastric bypass surgery: a retrospective case series.

Aims: Bariatric surgery induces several micronutrient deficiencies that require supplementation. For iron, parenteral infusions are usually preferred over oral supplementation. Ferric carboxymaltose infusion has been associated with hypophosphataemia, mostly transient and asymptomatic.

Deep learning for dual detection of microsatellite instability and POLE mutations in colorectal cancer histopathology.

In the spectrum of colorectal tumors, microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors with DNA polymerase ε (POLE) mutations exhibit a hypermutated profile, holding the potential to respond to immunotherapy similarly to their microsatellite-instable (MSI) counterparts. Yet, due to their rarity and the associated testing costs, systematic screening for these mutations is not commonly pursued. Notably, the histopathological phenotype resulting from POLE mutations is theorized to resemble that of MSI.

Unveiling Core-Shell Structure Formation in a NiFe Nanoparticle with In Situ Multi-Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging.

Solid-state reactions play a key role in materials science. The evolution of the structure of a single 350 nm NiFe nanoparticle, , its morphology (facets) as well as its deformation field, has been followed by applying multireflection Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Through this approach, we unveiled a demixing process that occurs at high temperatures (600 °C) under an Ar atmosphere.

A human omentum-specific mesothelial-like stromal population inhibits adipogenesis through IGFBP2 secretion.

Adipose tissue plasticity is orchestrated by molecularly and functionally diverse cells within the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Although several mouse and human adipose SVF cellular subpopulations have by now been identified, we still lack an understanding of the cellular and functional variability of adipose stem and progenitor cell (ASPC) populations across human fat depots. To address this, we performed single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of >30 SVF/Lin- samples across four human adipose depots, revealing two ubiquitous human ASPC (hASPC) subpopulations with distinct proliferative and adipogenic properties but also depot- and BMI-dependent proportions.

[Pregnancy and bariatric surgery : from pre-conception to postpartum].

Bariatric surgery is regularly offered to women of childbearing age. Pregnancy after such surgery should be planned and requires special attention. Some complications associated with obesity during pregnancy are reduced after bariatric surgery, but reduced dietary intake and malabsorption can cause nutritional deficiencies, that need to be carefully screened for and supplemented.

[Focus on obesity drug treatments].

The management of obesity is changing dramatically with the emergence of new drug treatments. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are approved for this indication in Switzerland, and approval is currently being sought for a GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypetide (GIP) co-agonist. Reimbursement conditions are restrictive, and patients are given only one opportunity to achieve the weight loss required for continued reimbursement.

Physical Separation of Enantiomeric Products by Compartmentalized Parallel Kinetic Resolution.

Accessing each enantiomer of a chiral molecule starting from a racemic mixture remains a daunting challenge in chemistry. Indeed, until now, only a few solutions exist to separate enantiomers of an equimolar mixture of a chiral precursor. In this study, we establish a new strategy to prepare simultaneously and physically separate both enantioenriched enantiomers of a molecule starting from a racemic substrate.

Constitutive expression of apple endo-POLYGALACTURONASE1 in fruit induces early maturation, alters skin structure and accelerates softening.

During fruit ripening, polygalacturonases (PGs) are key contributors to the softening process in many species. Apple is a crisp fruit that normally exhibits only minor changes to cell walls and limited fruit softening. Here, we explore the effects of PG overexpression during fruit development using transgenic apple lines overexpressing the ripening-related endo-POLYGALACTURONASE1 gene.

Differential diagnosis of small hepatocellular nodules in cirrhosis: surrogate histological criteria of TERT promoter mutations.

Aims: The differential diagnosis of small hepatocellular nodules in cirrhosis between dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging on biopsy. As TERT promoter (pTERT) mutations may indicate the nodules already engaged in the malignant process, the aim of this study was to identify histological criteria associated with pTERT mutations by detecting these mutations by ddPCR in small formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) hepatocellular nodules arising in cirrhosis.

Methods And Results: We built a bicentric cohort data set of 339 hepatocellular nodules < 2 cm from cirrhotic samples, divided into a test cohort of 299 resected samples and a validation cohort of 40 biopsies.

cGAS-STING drives ageing-related inflammation and neurodegeneration.

Low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of old age and a central driver of ageing-associated impairment and disease. Multiple factors can contribute to ageing-associated inflammation; however, the molecular pathways that transduce aberrant inflammatory signalling and their impact in natural ageing remain unclear. Here we show that the cGAS-STING signalling pathway, which mediates immune sensing of DNA, is a critical driver of chronic inflammation and functional decline during ageing.

[Interdisciplinary Center for Obesity: a single-entry point for personalized care].

Obesity is a chronic disease that seriously affects physical and psychological health. However, its management is insufficiently coordinated. The lack of defined therapeutic strategies is particularly evident since the arrival of new drug treatments.

[GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists: emerging therapies for obesity].

Obesity is a chronic and recurrent metabolic disease associated with serious complications and increased mortality. Bariatric surgery was until recently the only intervention that could lead to significant and sustained weight loss. A better understanding of the endocrine regulation of appetite has allowed the development of new treatments.

[Stigmatization of people with obesity: understanding and confronting societal prejudice].

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) has been officially classified as a disease by the WHO since 2008, yet individuals affected by obesity often face blame and negative stereotypes from society and healthcare providers. This stigmatization can lead to negative impacts on both mental and physical health. This phenomenon can also lead the stigmatized person to internalize the prejudice, considering their fate as deserved.

The Influence of a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Plasma Concentrations of Antidepressants.

Purpose: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) involves alterations of the gastrointestinal tract resulting in altered absorption. Patients with obesity have a higher prevalence of depression, and antidepressants are often prescribed. Alterations caused by RYGB could modify drug bioavailability and cause potential subtherapeutic plasma concentrations, increasing the risk of depressive relapse.

Intentional R1 resection of liver metastases: A new treatment paradigm for patients with advanced colorectal cancer based on a propensity score-Matched case-control analysis.

Background: Clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients after an incomplete microscopic (R1) resection of liver metastases may not differ from those following a microscopically margin negative (R0) resection, when the latest is not feasible because of anatomic issues. We aimed at comparing the clinical outcomes of CRC patients with an intentional R1 or with a R0 resection of liver metastases.

Methods: All patients with advanced in CRC and liver metastases consecutively treated by liver resection between February 2005 and January 2019 at in the department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery of Henri Mondor University Hospital (Créteil, France) were included in this retrospective case-control study.

Protein malnutrition after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a challenging case and scoping review of the literature.

Although protein malnutrition (PM) is often reported after highly malabsorptive procedures, its exact incidence and mechanisms after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to present a challenging clinical case of PM after RYGB and conduct a scoping review of the literature. Among the 18 studies with 3015 RYGB patients included in the review, the median incidence of PM was 1.

Marked weight loss on liraglutide 3.0 mg: Real-life experience of a Swiss cohort with obesity.

Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of liraglutide 3.0 mg daily in combination with a standardized multidisciplinary intervention on body weight and body composition changes in a real-life setting.

Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study design was used.

Body Composition Assessment by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: A Useful Tool for the Diagnosis of Lipedema.

Introduction: Lipedema is a poorly known condition. Diagnosis is based almost exclusively on clinical criteria, which may be subjective and not always reliable. This study aimed to investigate regional body composition (BC) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in patients with lipedema and healthy controls and to determine cut-off values of fat mass (FM) indices to provide an additional tool for the diagnosis and staging of this condition.