The potential of glucose management indicator for the estimation of glucose disposal rate in people with type 1 diabetes.

Background And Aims: Insulin resistance is a growing feature in type 1 diabetes (T1D). It can be quantified by calculating the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) with the Epstein's formula, which includes laboratory-measured glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). We aimed the current research to assess the agreement between the conventional eGDR formula and an alternative one (eGDR-GMI) incorporating the glucose management indicator (GMI) derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease do not worsen endothelial function in subjects with type 1 diabetes: an observational study.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is frequently associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and coeliac disease (CD). Whether the coexistence of multiple autoimmune diseases increases cardiovascular risk is uncertain. We evaluated the effects of AT and CD on arterial wall thickening and endothelial function in patients with T1D.

Time in Range Does Not Associate With Carotid Artery Wall Thickness and Endothelial Function in Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and complications as myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease. The thickening of the carotid wall and the brachial artery dysfunction are early and preclinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. The standard marker of care for assessment of glycemic control, glycated hemoglobin, does not associate with early atherosclerosis.

Empagliflozin influences blood viscosity and wall shear stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with incretin-based therapy.

Background: Cardiovascular protection following empagliflozin therapy is not entirely attributable to the glucose lowering effect. Increased hematocrit might influence the shear stress that is the main force acting on the endothelium, regulating its anti-atherogenic function.

Objective: We designed the study with the aim of investigating the effect of empagliflozin on blood viscosity and shear stress in the carotid arteries.

Diabetes Data Management System to Improve Glycemic Control in People With Type 1 Diabetes: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Smartphone and Web technology can improve the health care process, especially in chronic diseases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of blood glucose (BG) data management system, which enables connection to smartphones, the Web, the cloud, and downloading, can improve glycemic control in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: This study was a prospective, single-arm, cohort feasibility study with 6 months of duration.

Body fat and blood rheology: Evaluation of the association between different adiposity indices and blood viscosity.

Background: In recent years, new measures of body adiposity have been introduced: lipid accumulation product (LAP), body adiposity index (BAI) and body shape index (ABSI). These indices have been demonstrated to better associate with cardiovascular disease than other measures of adiposity.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate if LAP or BAI better associate with blood viscosity than other measures of adiposity (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference, WC; waist-to-hip ratio, W/HR; waist-to-height ratio, W/HtR).

Hemorheological profiles of subjects with prehypertension.

High blood viscosity is associated with increased peripheral resistance and high blood pressure (BP). Prehypertension refers to a systemic BP of 120-139 mm Hg systolic (SBP) and/or 80-89 mm Hg diastolic (DBP). Subjects with prehypertension have an increased risk of overt hypertension and incident cardiovascular disease compared with subjects who have optimal BP.

Brachial Low-Flow-Mediated Constriction is Associated with Delayed Brachial Flow-Mediated Dilation.

Aim: Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery measures the ability of the artery to dilate after a forearm ischemia lasting for 5 min. During ischemia, and therefore in conditions of low flow, constriction of the brachial artery (L-FMC) has sometimes been reported. The meaning of L-FMC is still unclear.

Red blood cell distribution width predicts two-hours plasma glucose levels during OGTT.

Objective: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a numerical measure, reported as part of a standard complete blood count, usually employed for differential diagnosis of anemic state. Some lines of evidence demonstrate that RDW associates with type 2 diabetes incidence and its complications. To further explore the role of RDW as predictor of abnormal glucose metabolism, we have analyzed the relationship between RDW and 2-hours plasma glucose concentration during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Clinical Predictors of Progressive Beta-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with progressive beta-cell failure in a cohort of nonselected subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Two hundred twenty-four medical records were evaluated. Progressive beta-cell failure was defined as the following: glycated hemoglobin is higher than 7.

Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus through Telemedicine.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM has a huge and growing burden on public health, whereas new care models are not implemented into clinical practice; in fact the purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a program of integrated care for T2DM, compared with ordinary diligence.

Methods: "Progetto Diabete Calabria" is a new organizational model for the management of patients with diabetes mellitus, based on General Practitioners (GPs) empowerment and the use of a web-based electronic health record, shared in remote consultations among GPs and Hospital Consultants. One-year change in glucose and main cardiovascular risk factors control in 104 patients (Cases) following this integrated care program has been evaluated and compared with that of 208 control patients (Controls) matched for age, gender, and cardiometabolic profile, and followed in an ordinary outpatient medical management by the Consultants only.

Decreased platelet aggregation by shear stress-stimulated endothelial cells in vitro: description of a method and first results in diabetes.

The interaction between platelets and endothelium in vivo is a complex phenomenon. Our aim was to develop an in vitro system that mimics the in vivo environment and investigate platelet function in a common pathological condition. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used and platelets from 28 type 2 diabetes patients were studied under shear stress conditions.

Triglyceride glucose index and common carotid wall shear stress.

Objectives: Alterations in wall shear stress contribute to both clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis. Several conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity can impair shear stress, but the role of insulin resistance has never been investigated. The present study was designed to investigate whether insulin resistance assessed by TyG Index associates with wall shear stress in the common carotid artery.