SH2B1 Defends Against Energy Imbalance, Obesity, and Metabolic Disease via a Paraventricular Hypothalamus→Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Neurocircuit.

SH2B1 mutations are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in humans. Global deletion of Sh2b1 results in severe obesity, type 2 diabetes, and MASLD in mice. Neuron-specific restoration of SH2B1 rescues the obesity phenotype of Sh2b1-null mice, indicating that the brain is a main SH2B1 target.

Allen Joseph Bard (1933-2024).

Father of contemporary electrochemistry.

'I think we could probably do more': an interview study to explore community pharmacists' experiences and perspectives of frailty and optimising medicines use in frail older adults.

Background: Community pharmacists potentially have an important role to play in identification of frailty and delivery of interventions to optimise medicines use for frail older adults. However, little is known about their knowledge or views about this role.

Aim: To explore community pharmacists' knowledge of frailty and assessment, experiences and contact with frail older adults, and perceptions of their role in optimising medicines use for this population.

Comparisons between atypical anorexia nervosa and anorexia nervosa: Psychological and comorbidity patterns.

Objective: Literature comparing "atypical" anorexia nervosa (atypical AN) and anorexia nervosa (AN) suggests these diagnoses share significant similarities in eating disorder (ED) pathology and psychiatric comorbidities. This study evaluated potential differences in ED pathology, psychiatric comorbidity, associated mechanisms (i.e.

Heterometallic cages: synthesis and applications.

High symmetry metallosupramolecular architectures (MSAs) have been exploited for a range of applications including molecular recognition, catalysis and drug delivery. Recently there have been increasing efforts to enhance those applications by generating reduced symmetry MSAs. While there are several emerging methods for generating lower symmetry MSAs, this tutorial review examines the general methods used for synthesizing heterometallic MSAs with a particular focus on heterometallic cages.

A Descriptive Account of the Nature and Extent of Transgender Homicide in America, 2010 to 2021.

There is a growing acknowledgment of transgender homicide as a serious social and public health issue; indeed, the American Medical Association has even referred to violence against transgender people as an "epidemic." Addressing this issue, however, requires understanding the patterns associated with this violence. Yet, reliable data for doing so does not currently exist, especially in recent years.

Bone Marrow Quality Index: A Predictor of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Thalassemia.

Bone marrow (BM) continues to be the preferred source of stem cells in allogenic transplantation for nonmalignant disorders. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed BM is associated with low rates of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and allows reduced collection volumes while ensuring speedy engraftment. However, variability in BM harvest quality is a concern.

Influence of puberty on relationships between body composition and blood pressure: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) are positively associated with blood pressure (BP) in youth. Yet, how puberty, independent of age, affects these relationships remains unclear. Given puberty may be a crucial period for cardiometabolic health, we examined how pubertal development moderates the associations of FM/FFM with BP.

A Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Startup in Iraqi Kurdistan: Results in Thalassemia Patients and Analysis of the Methodology.

In hemoglobinopathy-prone regions, like the Middle East, thalassemia is the most prevalent noncommunicable life-threatening disorder of children and is highly curable by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Moreover, transplantation is very cost-effective, and HSCT programs can be established directly in middle-income countries (MICs) at a reduced cost while maintaining quality standards and outcomes consistent with international ones. The aim of the present study was to review and verify the efficacy of the applied methodology through the analysis of 47 consecutive matched-related HSCTs in children with thalassemia.

The utility of ctDNA in detecting minimal residual disease following curative surgery in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the UK. There remains a need for improved risk stratification following curative resection. Circulating-tumour DNA (ctDNA) has gained particular interest as a cancer biomarker in recent years.

Heart Rate Variability and Laboratory-Based Loss-of-Control Eating in Children and Adolescents.

Among youth, greater heart rate (HR) and lesser HR variability (HRV) are precursors to loss-of-control (LOC) eating episodes in the natural environment. However, there are limited data examining whether pre-meal HR and HRV are associated with greater LOC-eating in the laboratory setting. We therefore examined temporal relationships between pre-meal HR, frequency- and time-based metrics of pre-meal HRV, perceived LOC-eating, and energy intake during a meal designed to simulate a LOC-eating episode.

Circadian variation of serum leptin and adipose tissue changes in children.

Background: Higher morning serum leptin values are associated with larger adipose tissue gains in children; however, it is unclear if leptin circadian variation is itself associated with adipose tissue changes during growth.

Objective: We studied the association of circadian variation in leptin with change in total body fat mass (TBFM), total body percentage fat (%FM), and trunk fat mass (TrFM).

Methods: Baseline serum samples for leptin were obtained every 3 h for 24 h from 130 children (baseline age 9.

Development and Results of the First Certification Examination in the American Board of Medical Specialties Neurocritical Care Subspecialty.

This article reviews the development of the American Board of Medical Specialties subspecialty in neurocritical care (NCC) and describes the requirements for certification and the results of the first certification examination administered in October 2021. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) is the administrative board, and the sponsoring boards are the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA), American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM), American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), and American Board of Neurological Surgery. The American Board of Medical Specialties approved the subspecialty in 2018, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education developed and approved the training requirements in 2021.

State negative affect in relation to loss-of-control eating among children and adolescents in the natural environment.

Affect regulation theory proposes that loss-of-control (LOC)-eating is preceded by increases and followed by decreases in negative affect (NA), but empirical tests of this theory among pediatric samples in the natural environment are needed. Using an ecological momentary assessment approach, we conducted post-hoc analyses to examine LOC-eating severity reported during post-meal surveys in relation to the intensity of composite NA and NA components (anger, anxiety, depression, guilt) throughout the day for two weeks in a cohort of healthy children and adolescents. Multilevel models tested the associations among LOC-eating severity and NA components reported at pre-meal surveys (t-1), post-meal surveys (t), and lagged post-meal surveys (t+1).

Is it safe and efficacious to remove central lines in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients with platelets less than 20,000/μl?

Background: Patients with tunneled central venous lines (CVL) may develop bloodstream infections which at times are difficult to control without line removal. Concomitant severe thrombocytopenia with platelet transfusion refractoriness is often considered a major contraindication to any procedure involving a major blood vessel. There is very little literature on the clinical risks of tunneled central line removal in febrile pancytopenia patients.

Interventions to improve medicines optimisation in older people with frailty in primary care: a systematic review.

Objectives: To identify studies that delivered an intervention to frail older people to improve medicines optimisation; identify the outcomes reported in these studies; and assess the effectiveness of these interventions on chosen study outcomes.

Method: Eight electronic databases and four trial registries were systematically searched from the date of inception to April 2020. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies of interventions to improve medicines optimisation (including administration, adherence, deprescribing, prescribing and/or medication review) in community-dwelling older people (aged ≥65 years) with a frailty diagnosis.

Development and Validation of a Simplified Method for Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in University Dormitories.

Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater surveillance has become a useful tool for describing SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in populations of varying size, from individual facilities (e.g., university residence halls, nursing homes, prisons) to entire municipalities.

Miller-Fisher syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2: a case report.

SARS-CoV-2 infections are increasingly associated with neurological complications, including immune-mediated neuropathies. Miller-Fisher syndrome is a rare variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome characterised by the triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and areflexia. Here we present a case of Miller-Fisher syndrome following COVID-19 infection.

Examination of the Interaction between Parental Military-Status and Race among Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity.

Objectives: Adolescent military-dependents experience distinct risk and protective factors, which may necessitate additional clinical considerations. In civilian youth, overweight/obesity is associated with eating, internalizing, and externalizing difficulties, with some studies reporting more difficulties among non-Hispanic White (vs. non-Hispanic Black) youth.

An Article-Based Format for Medical Specialty and Subspecialty Maintenance of Certification.

Introduction: This article describes an article-based alternative for maintenance of certification that the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology developed and began pilot testing in 2019. The rationale for and components of the pilot program are presented along with data on participant performance and feedback from the first year of implementation in three primary specialties (neurology, child neurology, and psychiatry) and one subspecialty (child and adolescent psychiatry).

Methods: Evaluation of the pilot program was guided by a widely used validity framework.

Global Neuroblastoma Network: An international multidisciplinary neuroblastoma tumor board for resource-limited countries.

Background: Tumor boards are part of standard care of patients with complex cancers, but appropriate multidisciplinary expertise and infrastructure are often not available in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) for pediatric cancers, such as neuroblastoma. Our goal was to review results of a Global Neuroblastoma Network (GNN) tumor board accessible to LMIC.

Methods: De-identified clinical cases presented via internet conference during a weekly GNN virtual tumor board from 2010 through 2020 were evaluated in a standardized format, including diagnostic imaging, pathology, therapy information, resource limitations, and questions for discussion.

Retrieval-induced forgetting in children and adolescents with and without obesity.

Background/objectives: Previous research indicates that youth with obesity exhibit deficits in executive functioning (EF), which often take the form of impaired response inhibition. One aspect of EF not previously studied in obesity is the adaptive process known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF), the suppression/inhibition of intrusive or non-target items by the retrieval of specific items from memory. The present study investigated if child or adolescent obesity disrupts the ability to inhibit retrieval of intrusive memories.

Do Weekly Surveillance Cultures Contribute to Antibiotic Stewardship and Correlate with Outcome of HSCT in Children? A Multicenter Real-World Experience of 5 Years from the Indian Subcontinent.

The utility of weekly rectal swab surveillance cultures (RSSCs) as a resource to identify gut colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing organisms and guide empirical antibiotic therapy in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients continues to be a subject of interest. There is an urgent need to assess and justify modifications to empirical antibiotics based on regional epidemiology and patient groups. This study aimed to study the utility of weekly rectal swab surveillance cultures (RSSCs) to guide empirical antibiotic therapy and to examine the impact of gut colonization on transplantation outcomes.

A comparison of negative affect and disinhibited eating between children with and without parents with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Children whose parents have type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at high-risk for developing T2D. In youth, negative affect has been shown to predict insulin resistance (IR), and disinhibited-eating behaviors have been linked to IR. It is unknown if youth with a parent with T2D (P-T2D) report greater psychological and behavioral symptoms than those without a P-T2D.