Olaparib and Radiotherapy Induce Type I Interferon- and CD8+ T Cell-Dependent Sensitization to Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer.

PARP inhibitors sensitize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to radiation by inducing DNA damage and replication stress. These mechanisms also have the potential to enhance radiation-induced type I interferon (T1IFN)-mediated antitumoral immune responses. We hypothesized that the PARP inhibitor olaparib would also potentiate radiation-induced T1IFN to promote antitumor immune responses and sensitization of otherwise resistant PDAC to immunotherapy.

Defining the Ideal Reduction Mammaplasty: A Crowdsourcing Study.

Background: Reduction mammaplasty relieves macromastia symptoms while improving breast aesthetics, although the ideal breast aesthetically has been shown to differ culturally in previous crowdsourcing studies. Better understanding these differences can aid in setting postoperative expectations.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the ideal reduction mammaplasty according to demographics such as gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education.

Oncoplastic reconstruction with breast-conserving treatment versus breast-conserving treatment alone in the elderly.

Background/objectives: Oncoplastic reconstruction (IOR) performed in conjunction with breast conserving therapy (BCT) has been found to improve psychosocial well-being, reduce hospitalization time, and reduce cost burden. Few studies have looked at the safety profile, complication rates, and overall outcomes in patients ages 65 years and older undergoing IOR versus BCT alone.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, single-institution medical record review was conducted of women diagnosed with breast cancer age 65 years or older who received IOR or BCT alone.

Safe Reproducible Breast Reduction.

Breast reduction is a common operation performed by plastic surgeons. Patients can have significant improvement in physical symptoms in addition to increased self-esteem, body image, and quality of life as a result. The authors describe common techniques for breast reduction and provide representative photographs and videos of these techniques.

A Clinical Guide to the Treatment of Cellulite and Comprehensive Review of the Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Utility of Intervention.

Introduction: Cellulite is a common esthetic concern affecting most women. Despite its prevalence, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment approach for cellulite, partly due to the complex and multifactorial nature of its pathophysiology. Understanding the underlying biological processes along with available treatment options is important to be able to effectively counsel patients on effective management of this condition.

Outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty vs operative fixation for proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Proximal humerus fractures are common in the older population. A consensus on the optimal management of complex fractures requiring surgery has yet to be reached. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare clinical outcomes between reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Preoperative Glucose Predicts Postoperative Complications After Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction.

Background: Despite advances in surgical methods, complication rates after complex abdominal wall reconstruction (CAWR) remain high. Identification of preoperative risk factors can assist surgeons with risk stratification and patient counseling. The deleterious effects of hyperglycemia on wound healing are well established.

Does preoperative imaging for scalp non-melanocytic skin cancer accurately predict invasion of the cranial vault? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI in the preoperative detection of bone involvement for non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) located on the scalp. This study further aimed to evaluate the predictive value of these imaging modalities in determining the need for craniectomy and to identify gaps in the existing literature.

Methods: Electronic searches of the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases were performed for English language studies of any type.

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in the MORE Multicenter Patient Registry.

Background And Objectives: The efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT DBS) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) was demonstrated in the double-blind Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus for Epilepsy randomized controlled trial. The Medtronic Registry for Epilepsy (MORE) aims to understand the safety and longer-term effectiveness of ANT DBS therapy in routine clinical practice.

Methods: MORE is an observational registry collecting prospective and retrospective clinical data.

Displaced medial clavicle fractures: a systematic review of outcomes after nonoperative and operative management.

Background: Fractures of the medial clavicle are uncommon. There is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment of displaced medial clavicle fractures.

Methods: A systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was performed.

Modern Approaches to Oncoplastic Surgical Treatment.

Partial breast reconstruction using oncoplastic techniques is performed at the time of lumpectomy and includes volume replacement techniques such as flaps and volume displacement techniques such as reduction and mastopexy. These techniques are used to preserve breast shape, contour, size, symmetry, inframammary fold position, and position of the nipple-areolar complex. Newer techniques such as auto-augmentation flaps and perforator flaps continue to broaden options and newer radiation therapy protocols will hopefully reduce side effects.

Evaluating resources required to evaluate child outcomes following indirect services in early childhood education centres: A scoping review.

Issue Addressed: Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) may provide indirect services focusing on the promotion of rich communication environments in early childhood education centres. Evaluating children's outcomes following SLP-led professional development in early childhood education centres is challenging. The aim of this scoping review was to identify how child outcomes were measured in studies exploring SLP professional development in early childhood education.

The Psychological Impact of Aesthetic Surgery: A Mini-Review.

The purpose of this summary is to outline the available research on the psychological factors associated with aesthetic surgery. Aesthetic procedures such as abdominoplasty, breast augmentation, face lift, and rhinoplasty are shown to have unique preoperative and postoperative psychological factors. Depression and anxiety may occur after aesthetic procedures with an increased incidence in patients with certain depression prone personality traits.

Evaluating the Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Outcomes.

Background: In complex abdominal wall reconstruction, maintenance and follow-up are vital to effective long-term patient care. This can present a challenge for individuals from a low-income household who may have less ability to afford time away from work or caring for dependents as well as challenges with transportation to and from follow-up appointments. Given the expenses and high complication rate in abdominal wall reconstruction, we elected to determine whether socioeconomic status had an impact on patient outcomes.

Does An ERAS Protocol Reduce Postoperative Opiate Prescribing in Plastic Surgery?

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are effective at reducing inpatient opiate use. There is a paucity of studies on the effects of an ERAS protocol on outpatient opiate prescriptions. The aim of this study was to determine whether an ERAS protocol for plastic and reconstructive surgery would reduce opiate use in the outpatient postoperative setting.

Effect of Protein Genotypes on Physicochemical Properties and Protein Functionality of Bovine Milk: A Review.

Milk protein comprises caseins (CNs) and whey proteins, each of which has different genetic variants. Several studies have reported the frequencies of these genetic variants and the effects of variants on milk physicochemical properties and functionality. For example, the C variant and the BC haplotype of α-casein (α-CN), β-casein (β-CN) B and A variants, and κ-casein (κ-CN) B variant, are favourable for rennet coagulation, as well as the B variant of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg).

The safety of performing breast reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: Elective operations including surgeries for breast cancer were significantly reduced during the height of the surge of COVID-19 cases in Massachusetts. The safety of performing breast reconstruction during the pandemic was unknown. This study aims to review the safety of performing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction during the first COVID-19 surge in Massachusetts.

Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy versus Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: Does Saving the Nipple Impact Short- and Long-Term Patient Satisfaction?

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is an oncologically safe alternative to skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM). This study evaluated whether NSM patients were more satisfied than SSM patients in short- and long-term follow-up.

Methods: Women who underwent NSM or SSM between 2009 and 2019 completed a postoperative BREAST-Q survey at least 1 year after surgery and patient characteristics were compared.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Hand Trauma.

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a dramatic impact on individual and societal behaviors, as well as on health care systems. It confers a unique opportunity to examine the relationship among disease, policies, and patterns of activity, as well as their impacts on surgical unit functionality. This study aims to compare the distribution and patterns of injury at a tertiary hand surgery trauma center before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Patients Are Prescribed Fewer Opioids at Discharge: A Propensity-score Matched Analysis.

Objective: We aimed to compare discharge opioid prescriptions pre- and post-ERAS implementation.

Summary Of Background Data: ERAS programs decrease inpatient opioid use, but their relationship with postdischarge opioids remains unclear.

Methods: All patients undergoing hysterectomy between October 2016 and November 2020 and pancreatectomy or hepatectomy between April 2017 and November 2020 at 1 tertiary care center were included.