Vadose zone flushing of fertilizer tracked by isotopes of water and nitrate.

A substantial fraction of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied in agricultural systems is not incorporated into crops and moves below the rooting zone as nitrate (NO ). Understanding mechanisms for soil N retention below the rooting zone and leaching to groundwater is essential for our ability to track the fate of added N. We used dual stable isotopes of nitrate ( N-NO and O-NO ) and water ( O-HO and H-HO) to understand the mechanisms driving nitrate leaching at three depths (0.

Queensland Trauma Education (QTE): an innovative simulation program that addresses the needs and barriers of interprofessional trauma care education across a complex landscape.

Introduction: Effective trauma care requires the rapid management of injuries. Rural and remote areas face inequity in trauma care due to time, distance and resource constraints, and experience higher morbidity and mortality rates than urban settings. A training needs analysis (TNA) conducted with stakeholders across Queensland, Australia, revealed a lack of contextual, accessible and interprofessional trauma education for clinicians.

Standardized Parts for Activation of Small GTPase Signaling in Living Cells.

Small GTPases comprise a superfamily of over 167 proteins in the human genome and are critical regulators of a variety of pathways including cell migration and proliferation. Despite the importance of these proteins in cell signaling, a standardized approach for controlling small GTPase activation within living cells is lacking. Herein, we report a split-protein-based approach to directly activate small GTPase signaling in living cells.

Additive influence of exercise pressor reflex activation on Valsalva responses in white and black adults.

Aim: This study aimed to determine if activation of the exercise pressor reflex exerts additive or redundant influences on the autonomic responses to the Valsalva maneuver (VL), and if these responses differ between White and Black or African American (B/AA) individuals.

Methods: Twenty participants (B/AA n = 10, White n = 10) performed three separate experimental trials. In the first trial, participants performed two VLs in a resting condition.

Histone deacetylase 5 is a phosphorylation substrate of protein kinase D in osteoclasts.

Protein kinase D (PRKD) family kinases are required for formation and function of osteoclasts. However, the substrates of PRKD in osteoclasts are unknown. To identify PRKD-dependent protein phosphorylation in osteoclasts, we performed a quantitative LC-MS/MS phosphoproteomics screen for proteins showing differential phosphorylation in osteoclasts after treatment with the PRKD inhibitor CRT0066101.

Cardiovascular Paediatric Medicines Development: Have Paediatric Investigation Plans Lost Heart?

This work aimed to establish whether paediatric needs in cardiovascular diseases have been met by paediatric investigation plans (PIPs) produced since the development of the European Union Paediatric Regulation in 2007. The European Medicines Agency repository was searched for patterns in the development of paediatric medicines in general. Next, positive PIPs related to cardiovascular diseases were scrutinized for outcomes and compared to specific paediatric cardiovascular needs.

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited.

Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19.

Design, Setting, And Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin.

Evaluation of Opioid Use With Split Doses of Oral Opioids in a Postcesarean Delivery Analgesia Order Set.

Objective: To evaluate whether an order set change that halved the initial dose of oxycodone and allowed the remainder to be given 1 hour later, if requested, was associated with reduced opioid use and side effects after cesarean delivery.

Methods: This retrospective, clinical practice study reviewed electronic medical records after implementation of a new order set for cesarean delivery. Oxycodone orders changed from 5 mg (for verbal pain score of 4/10 or lower) and 10 mg (for 5-10/10) to 2.

Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation and Skeletal Maintenance by Histone Deacetylases.

Bone is a dynamic tissue that must respond to developmental, repair, and remodeling cues in a rapid manner with changes in gene expression. Carefully-coordinated cycles of bone resorption and formation are essential for healthy skeletal growth and maintenance. Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that are responsible for breaking down bone by secreting acids to dissolve the bone mineral and proteolytic enzymes that degrade the bone extracellular matrix.

Quantifying the effects of surface conveyance of treated wastewater effluent on groundwater, surface water, and nutrient dynamics in a large river floodplain.

Restoration and reconnection of floodplain systems provide multiple societal and ecosystem benefits, while providing municipalities the opportunity to attempt alternative approaches to maintain infrastructure protection and function. In some restored floodplains, treated wastewater effluent discharge is redirected over land instead of directly into rivers to allow natural flow and infiltration, to facilitate restoration designs such as levee setback, and to provide additional freshwater to floodplain ecosystems. However, indirect discharge of treated effluent over land may pose risks to surface and groundwater when pollutants like excess nutrients enter the floodplain and undergo transformation.

Floodplain restoration increases hyporheic flow in the Yakima River Watershed, Washington.

Hyporheic exchange between a river channel and its floodplain region assists in mediating processes such as nutrient removal and temperature regulation. Floodplain restoration in the form of levee setbacks are often carried out to improve the hyporheic exchange. In this study Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data were used along with the head data from observation wells and stage data from rivers to setup and calibrate a groundwater model for 458 km of area within Gap to Gap reach of the Yakima River, WA.

Class II and IV HDACs function as inhibitors of osteoclast differentiation.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are negative regulators of transcription and have been shown to regulate specific changes in gene expression. In vertebrates, eighteen HDACs have thus far been identified and subdivided into four classes (I-IV). Key roles for several HDACs in bone development and biology have been elucidated through in vitro and in vivo models.

Pathways from childhood maltreatment to emerging adulthood: investigating trauma-mediated substance use and dating violence outcomes among child protective services-involved youth.

Longitudinal survey data were used to examine the relationship between two types of childhood maltreatment, abuse/neglect and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), and two outcomes, substance use and dating violence, within the past year. Participants were youth (N = 158, aged 16-19 at Time 3) involved with child protective services (CPS). A parallel multiple mediator model was used to test the hypothesis that trauma symptoms would mediate the relationship between both types of maltreatment and dating violence, marijuana, and alcohol use outcomes.

Applying lean management principles to the creation of a postpartum hemorrhage care bundle.

A lean management process is a set of interventions, each of which creates value for the customer. Lean management is not a new concept, but is relatively new to health care. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the most common cause of maternal death worldwide in both developing and developed countries.

Vector-free and transgene-free human iPS cells differentiate into functional neurons and enhance functional recovery after ischemic stroke in mice.

Stroke is a leading cause of human death and disability in the adult population in the United States and around the world. While stroke treatment is limited, stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising regenerative therapy to replace or repair damaged tissues and enhance functional recovery after stroke. Recently, the creation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells through reprogramming of somatic cells has revolutionized cell therapy by providing an unlimited source of autologous cells for transplantation.

The relationship among internal resilience, smoking, alcohol use, and depression symptoms in emerging adults transitioning out of child welfare.

Objective: It is well established that child maltreatment reflects a context of risk for multiple negative outcomes. Identifying factors that protect against negative outcomes is important for the development of strengths-based approaches that emphasize resilience, particularly for youth transitioning out of the child welfare system. The current study examined the relationship between an internal resilience measure, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor & Davidson, 2003), and several external measures of resilience and behavioral outcomes (tobacco use and dependence, alcohol use and problems, and depression symptoms).

The safety leadership.

In this paper the authors present a careful consideration about the role of leadership, the fundamental element for the success of Behavior-Based Safety (B-BS) programs within companies. Lees and Faulkner have been training, coaching and writing about Behavior-Based Safety for the last ten years. Considerable data has been gathered during this process and the paramount factor in its success is leadership.

Linking production to safety: boosting productive performance through behavior-based safety.

Construction continues to have the largest number of fatal and major injuries among industry groups and the general rates have shown only a small amount of change over the last number of years. Safety processes can (and do) fail, resulting in injuries and incidents. Behavioral science uses data and analysis to come to conclusions about what is actually happening.

Winkler boundary conditions for three-point bending tests on 1D nanomaterials.

Bending tests with atomic force microscopes (AFM) is a common method for elasticity measurements on 1D nanomaterials. Interpretation of the force and deflection data is necessary to determine the Young's modulus of the tested material and has been done assuming either of two classic boundary conditions that represent two extreme possibilities for the rigidity of the sample-anchor interface. The elasticity results from the two boundary conditions differ by a factor of four.

Removal efficiencies and attachment coefficients for Cryptosporidium in sandy alluvial riverbank sediment.

Riverbank filtration has been shown to be effective for removing viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Drinking water systems that employ riverbank filtration may receive additional treatment credits beyond that which they can obtain using traditional engineering approaches. In order to develop guidance for removal effectiveness, screening level predictive modeling by colloid filtration theory combined with advection and dispersion modeling is potentially useful.

A safer method for studying hormone metabolism in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus): accelerator mass spectrometry.

Noninvasive hormone assays provide a way to determine an animal's health or reproductive status without the need for physical or chemical restraint, both of which create unnecessary stress for the animal, and can potentially alter the hormones being measured. Because hormone metabolism is highly species-specific, each assay must be validated for use in the species of interest. Validation of noninvasive steroid hormone assays has traditionally required the administration of relatively high doses of radiolabelled compounds (100 µCi or more of (14)C labeled hormone) to permit subsequent detection of the excreted metabolites in the urine and feces.