Generative Adversarial Network Based Contrast Enhancement: Synthetic Contrast Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Rationale And Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a vital tool for diagnosing neurological disorders, frequently utilising gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) to enhance resolution and specificity. However, GBCAs present certain risks, including side effects, increased costs, and repeated exposure. This study proposes an innovative approach using generative adversarial networks (GANs) for virtual contrast enhancement in brain MRI, with the aim of reducing or eliminating GBCAs, minimising associated risks, and enhancing imaging efficiency while preserving diagnostic quality.

Accuracy and Readability of ChatGPT on Potential Complications of Interventional Radiology Procedures: AI-Powered Patient Interviewing.

Rationale And Objectives: It is crucial to inform the patient about potential complications and obtain consent before interventional radiology procedures. In this study, we investigated the accuracy, reliability, and readability of the information provided by ChatGPT-4 about potential complications of interventional radiology procedures.

Materials And Methods: Potential major and minor complications of 25 different interventional radiology procedures (8 non-vascular, 17 vascular) were asked to ChatGPT-4 chatbot.

MR Image Fusion-Based Parotid Gland Tumor Detection.

The differentiation of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors is of major significance as it directly affects the treatment process. In addition, it is also a vital task in terms of early and accurate diagnosis of parotid gland tumors and the determination of treatment planning accordingly. As in other diseases, the differentiation of tumor types involves several challenging, time-consuming, and laborious processes.

The impact of deep learning on diagnostic performance in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Aims: This study aims to use deep learning (DL) to classify thyroid nodules as benign and malignant with ultrasonography (US). In addition, this study investigates the impact of DL on the diagnostic success of radiologists with different experiences. Material and methods: This study included 576 US images of thyroid nodules.

Could the Cerebral Involvement of COVID-19 Disease be Related to Microstructural Changes that are not Reflected in Conventional MRI Images?

In patients with COVID-19, neurodegeneration may develop before clinical symptoms appear. Diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI is an important technique for analyzing microstructural changes such as gliosis. In this study, a quantitative evaluation of microstructural changes in the brain with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in patients presenting with a headache after the COVID-19 disease was analyzed and compared.

Knowledge level of medical students about ionising radiation used for diagnostic purpose in radiology: a survey study.

People exposed to ionising radiation may develop harmful somatic and genetic effects in their anatomical structures. Technological advancements, particularly in radiological devices, research and examinations result in a significant increase in the number of radiological investigations. This large number of radiological examinations increased the number of patients affected by ionising radiation.

Deep Network-Based Comprehensive Parotid Gland Tumor Detection.

Rationale And Objectives: Salivary gland tumors constitute 2%-6% of all head and neck tumors and are most common in the parotid gland. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most sensitive imaging modality for diagnosis. Tumor type, localization, and relationship with surrounding structures are important factors for treatment.

Comparison of linear versus macrocyclic gadolinium chelates in rat skeletal muscle.

Objective: We investigated the effects on skeletal muscle of gadolinium based linear and macrocyclic radiocontrast agents applied at experimental intervals using histopathological methods.

Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study for histopathological analysis. No procedure was performed on the healthy control group.

The role of optic nerve sheath diameter measurement on CT in differentiating transient ischemic attack and acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: This study aimed to determine if optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement on computed tomography could differentiate transient ischemic attack (TIA) from acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Both TIA and AIS are the rings of the same disease chain. To exclude hemorrhagic stroke and stroke mimics in these patients, brain computed tomography (CT) remains the first step imaging modality.

Important aspect of hypoglossal nerve injury following gunshot wound; Can the clivus has a role? A case report.

Cranial nerve palsies after gunshot injury are not uncommon. We report the mechanism of isolated hypoglossal nerve paralysis caused by a gunshot. We report a 74 years old patient in whom a bullet entered through the right nostril and then ended up right occipital condyle.

What Are We Missing From Asymmetric Relationship Between the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Profiles and Sphenoid Sinus Volume?

Purpose/aim Of The Study: Detailed analysis of retinal structure such as the retinal nerve fiber layer can be performed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). There are no published studies concerning a relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer and human sphenoid sinus volumes. We investigated this relationship.

Comparison of Thalamus Volume on Magnetic Resonance and Cadaveric Section Images.

Aim: To measure and to compare the volume of thalamus using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the anatomical sections.

Material And Methods: In this study, 13 brain specimens were used. First, the images were taken in 3 mm sections on MRI, the thickness of the thalamus was measured.

Can Wideband Tympanometry Be Used as a Screening Test for Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence?

Objectives: We explored whether wideband tympanometry (WBT) could be used as a screening test for superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), and obtained new WBT data (given that the test is not yet in common clinical use) on patients with SSCD.

Methods: We compared the WBT data of patients clinically and radiologically diagnosed with SSCD in our hospital between 2013 and 2018 to those of healthy volunteers. We compared the resonance frequency (RF), maximum absorbance frequency (MAF), and maximum absorbance ratio (MAR).

Effects of Gadodiamide and Gadoteric Acid on Rat Kidneys: A Comparative Study.

Background: Gadolinium-based contrast agents are complex chelates to provide contrast in NRI. However, recent studies have highlighted the deposition of free Gd ion in various tissues.

Purpose: To evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical changes on rat kidney tissue following both macrocyclic (gadoteric acid) and linear (gadodiamide) agents under the hypothesis that gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) lead to toxic, free Gd accumulation in tissues.

Effects of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents on liver tissue.

Background: MRI with contrast is often used clinically. However, recent studies have reported a high accumulation of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in kidney, liver, and spleen tissues in several mouse models.

Purpose: To compare the effects on liver tissue of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents in the light of biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

Effects of gadolinium-based contrast agents on submandibular gland tissue in rats.

Aim: The aim of this prospective animal study is to investigate the influence of multiple administrations of macrocyclic ionic (gadoteric acid) and linear nonionic (gadodiamide) gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) on submandibular gland tissue (SGT) of the rats.

Material And Method: Twenty-four Sprague Dawley female rats were included the study. Group 1 was determined as a control group (n = 6).

The relation between retrobulbar blood flow and posterior ocular changes measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of posterior ocular hemodynamics on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), choroid thickness (CT) and central macular thickness (CMT) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to reveal the association with glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Methods: The research was planned as a prospective, randomized study. The ophthalmic, retinal and posterior ciliary artery pulsatile index (PI) and resistive index (RI) were measured by colored Doppler sonography.

The effects of choanal atresia on development of the paranasal sinuses and turbinates.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the volume of paranasal sinuses (PNS) and turbinate in patients with unilateral choanal atresia (CA).

Materials And Method: Computed tomography images of PNS in 11 individuals with unilateral CA were evaluated retrospectively. Mucosal thickness and volume of the maxillary, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses were determined, in addition to the volume of the middle and inferior turbinate.

First report of perforation of ligamentum flavum by sequestrated lumbar intervertebral disc.

Disc fragments are well known to migrate to superior, inferior, or lateral sites in the anterior epidural space, posterior epidural migrated lumbar disc fragments is an extremely rare disorder, 61 cases have been reported to date. However, there were no cases with perforated ligamentum flavum (LF). We report a different case with perforation of ligamentum ligamentum by disc fragment.

Restoration of Anterior Vertebral Height by Short-Segment Pedicle Screw Fixation with Screwing of Fractured Vertebra for the Treatment of Unstable Thoracolumbar Fractures.

Background: The treatment of unstable thoracolumbar fractures remains controversial. Long-segment pedicle screw constructs may be stiffer and impart greater forces on adjacent segments compared with short-segment constructs. Short-segment pedicle screw fixation alone may be associated with instrumentation failure.