DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Events Underlying Renal Cell Carcinomas.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) refers to a group of tumors that develop from the epithelium of the kidney tubes, including clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC. Most clear cell renal carcinomas have a large histologic subtype, genetic or epigenetic von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). A comprehensive analysis of the genetic modification genome suggested that chromosome 3p loss and chromosome gains 5q and 7 may be significant copy defects in the development of clear RCC.

Incidence of Coronary Artery Disease in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2019-2020: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a significant cause of death and morbidity in people globally despite advances in treatment. Prevention of CAD risk factors is crucial to reducing its prevalence. We conducted this study to determine the incidence of CAD from 2019 to 2020 in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and its major risk factors among this population.

Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Attending the Outpatient Clinic in the General Hospital in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a major cause of blindness. DR awareness is important for early identification and management in patients with T2D. This study aimed to estimate the level of awareness of DR and its risk factors among patients with T2D in Saudi Arabia.

Association of Polymorphisms in Antioxidant Enzyme-Encoding Genes with Diabetic Nephropathy in a Group of Saudi Arabian Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: An imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the defence mechanisms underlying the activity of antioxidant enzymes has been demonstrated as the leading pathology in diabetes mellitus (DM)-related microvascular complications.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes: catalase (CAT); manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD); glutathione S transferase M1 (GSTM1); and GSTT1 glutathione S transferase T1 (GSTT1), and the risk of type II diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the Saudi population.

Patients And Methods: The present study involved 64 type II DM patients with nephropathy and 64 type II diabetes patients without nephropathy from the King Abdulaziz University (KAU) Hospital.

Electrolyte imbalance in infectious disease patients at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah.

Objectives: Infectious diseases are the common cause of morbidity and mortality among humans. Electrolyte imbalance occurs frequently in patients with infectious diseases. This study aims to identify electrolyte imbalances in hospitalised patients with infectious diseases.

The Outcome of the Online Virtual Classes During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study in the Female Campus of the Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh-King Abdulaziz University.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected the educational process greatly in the academic year 2019-2020. Therefore, this warranted an urgent and effective shift and intervention toward the online teaching practice.

Aim: We have aimed in this study to assess the impact of the necessary shift of the educational process of the basic sciences toward the online distant learning in the female campus; Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University.

Acute Kidney Injury as a Risk Factor for Cerebrovascular Disease Outcome among Patients Presenting with Stroke in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Patients suffering from stroke may develop different complications including acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI affects mortality among the stroke patients. The association between stroke and AKI despite extensive research has been not completely understood.

Essence Core: Fluid Management in Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by sudden decrease in kidney functioning, with increased serum creatinine levels and impairment of vital kidney functions such as fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis. The key to perioperative AKI management is accomplishing optimal intravenous fluid therapy, involving guided fluid resuscitation and fluid balance management including proper fluid removal. In the present review, we highlighted the importance of fluid-based management of AKI, which is a critical process, as both reduced and increased levels of body fluids can have detrimental effects on the patient.

Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as a Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury, Severe Kidney Injury, and the Need for Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Recent attempts were made to identify early indicators of acute kidney injury (AKI) in order to accelerate treatment and hopefully improve outcomes. This study aims to assess the value of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) as a predictor of AKI, severe AKI, and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Methods: We conducted a prospective study and included adults admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), between May 2012 and June 2013, who had at least 1 major risk factor for AKI.

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an excellent predictor of mortality in intensive care unit patients.

Objectives: To assess urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) level as a potential predictor of acute kidney injury (AKI), and both intensive care unit (ICU) and in-hospital mortality.

Methods: Patients presenting to our ICU with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than 90 mmHg or mean arterial pressure (MAP) less than 65 mmHg, and no prior kidney disease were followed prospectively. Baseline data were collected on patient demographics, admission diagnosis, APACHE II and SOFA scores, SBP, MAP, serum creatinine and cystatin C, and uNGAL.

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome presenting as fever of unknown origin.

Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies with characteristic clinical manifestation, which include venous, arterial thrombosis, thrombotic microangiopathy, and recurrent fetal loss. The syndrome can be secondary to many causes including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or "primary" antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS). We report a case of a man with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS), which occurs when three or more organ systems are affected by thrombosis in less than a week.