Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cognitive Outcomes in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a set of deficits not limited to social communication, which is restricted and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of autism has been seen to be consistently increasing globally. Autism is multifactorial in its etiology, and it involves several physiological systems, including the central nervous system and the gut-brain axis.

Addressing the global challenge of bacterial drug resistance: insights, strategies, and future directions.

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored bacterial resistance as a critical global health issue, exacerbated by the increased use of antibiotics during the crisis. Notwithstanding the pandemic's prevalence, initiatives to address bacterial medication resistance have been inadequate. Although an overall drop in worldwide antibiotic consumption, total usage remains substantial, requiring rigorous regulatory measures and preventive activities to mitigate the emergence of resistance.

Extraction of Geminivirus and Associated Satellite DNA from Leaf Samples.

The isolation of DNA from geminiviruses and their associated DNA satellites in plant leaf samples is a key step, as high-quality DNA preparations are essential for studies related to the characterization of geminivirus genomes and their interactions with host plants. The protocol outlined in this chapter describes a methodology based on the use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) that facilitates the efficient extraction of total nucleic acids from plant tissues. The DNA obtained through this protocol finds direct application in various molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot, dot blot, and rolling-circle amplification.

The prevalence of Tramadol abuse and associated factors among Hawassa University students, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Tramadol abuse is a current public health concern in Ethiopia. Drug abuse including that of tramadol is a significant public health issue that causes health, economic, and social problems to individual drug users, their families, the community, and the entire nation. Therefore this study delivers information regarding current tramadol abuse among students of an Ethiopian University.

Effect of Micro Osteoperforation with Mini Implant on Rate of Tooth Movement During Maxillary Arch En-Masse Retraction in Class I Malocclusion Cases-A Split Mouth Study.

Aims: Extended orthodontic treatment leads to a number of negative outcomes, including a higher chance of dental cavities, gingival recession, open gingival embrasure gaps, and root resorption. It has been stated that micro osteoperforations (MOPs) use the biology of the body to speed up tooth movement. Our objective was to investigate how MOPs with micro implants affected the tooth movement rate.

Assessment to determine the accuracy of Chaillet and Demirjian method of dental age estimation using Orthopantomographs, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Background: The approach to estimating mandibular age has been widely used, although it has shown age estimation disparities in diverse populations, including Indians.

Objective: Our goal was to test the Demirjian 8-teeth approach utilizing orthopantomogram to estimate age reliably after incorporating the third molar. We also used Chaillet and Demirjian's regression equations to estimate age estimation accuracy in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Euclidean Distance based Adaptive Sampling Algorithm for Disassociating Transient and Oscillatory Components of Signals.

Neural signals encode information through oscillatory and transient components. The transient component captures rapid, non-rhythmic changes in response to internal or external events, while the oscillatory component reflects rhythmic patterns critical for processing sensation, action, and cognition. Current spectral and time-domain methods often struggle to distinguish the two components, particularly under sharp transitions, leading to interference and spectral leakage.

Association of systemic immune inflammation index with depression among adult type 2 diabetic patients in a tertiary hospital, Ethiopia, 2022.

Background: The inflammatory and hormonal aspects of T2DM can influence the development or worsening of depressive symptoms. While most of the burden had due consideration, the mental health impact of T2DM such as depression is often unnoticed, undiagnosed, or untreated. Despite some studies exploring depression in Ethiopian T2DM patients, none have investigated the predictive role of the Systemic Immune inflammation Index (SII) in depression.

An Insight into Prognostic Impact of TIPE2 & CD36 Immunohistochemical Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background & Objective: While there are fast advances in the detection and management of bladder carcinoma, the number of deaths remains high. Therefore, the identification of an effective biomarker predicting tumor progression in cancer bladder patients is a crucial issue. This study aimed to identify TIPE2 and CD36 expressions in cancer bladder and examine their relationship with clinicopathological data and prognosis.

Vitamin D promotes anticancer effects of low-concentration cisplatin-treated non-small cell lung cancer cells via inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 and TGF-β/SMAD4 pathways.

Lung cancer is one of the most fatal kinds of cancer, with low survival rate because of delayed discovery and traditional therapy failure. This study intends to determine whether cisplatin plus vitamin D could be a more successful combination than standard monotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by targeting the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) and janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways and their downstream targets. Cytotoxic effects of vitamin D on MCF-7, MCFR-10, H1299, A549, and PC3 cell lines were evaluated by sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay, indicating that H1299 and A549 were the most effected cell lines; hence, they were selected for more investigation.

Crosstalk between microRNA and inflammation; critical regulator of diabetes.

A growing body of evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs may be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diabetes, given their changed expression profile as the disease progresses. There is growing interest in using individual miRNAs or whole miRNA clusters linked to diabetes as therapeutic targets because of their abnormal expression and functioning. In diabetes, miRNAs are also involved in inflammatory and immunological responses.

Global epidemiology of acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients with decompensated cirrhosis: the International Club of Ascites GLOBAL AKI prospective, multicentre, cohort study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of cirrhosis. A systematic, global characterisation of AKI occurring in patients with cirrhosis is lacking. We therefore aimed to assess global differences in the characteristics, management, and outcomes of AKI in hospitalised patients with cirrhosis.

An explainable non-invasive hybrid machine learning framework for accurate prediction of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels.

Machine learning models, including thyroid biomarkers, are increasingly utilized in healthcare for biomarker prediction. These models offer the potential to enhance disease diagnosis through data-driven approaches relying on non-invasive techniques. However, no studies have explored the application of fully non-invasive methods for predicting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.

Association of XRCC1 (rs1799782) and XPD (rs13181) gene polymorphisms with renal failure risk in a sample of Iraqi population: a case-control study.

Background: End-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to life-threatening complications and is caused primarily by CKD and cardiovascular issues. CKD is characterized by the inability of the kidneys to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. This study investigated the associations of the genetic variants XRCC1 rs1799782 (C194T) and ERCC2/XPD rs25487 (Q399R) with CKD susceptibility in Iraqi patients and related biochemical changes.

The association between occupational lead exposure and serum levels of vitamin D3 and a bone turnover biomarker in smelter workers.

Objective: Bone tissue is the chief target for lead (Pb) in chronic exposure. This study aimed to demonstrate the relation between the blood lead levels (BLL) and serum levels of 1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and type I collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX-1) as a biomarker of bone turnover among some Egyptian workers occupationally exposed to Pb in the smelting process. The study also targeted to identify any clinical manifestations indicative of skeletal system affection and their association with the performed investigations.

Computed tomography imaging findings in head injury victims of conflict in Northern Ethiopia treated at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital.

Background: Head injuries pose a major global health issue, especially among young adults in developing countries. Data on head trauma patterns in conflict situations is scarce, and computed tomography (CT) is the main imaging method for evaluating acute head injuries.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the CT scan patterns of traumatic head injury among northern Ethiopian victims of war who were treated at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital during the armed conflict in 2020 and 2021.

Advanced rectal cancer in an 11-year-old Sudanese patient with rare metastatic site: a case report.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is predominantly an adult malignancy, rarely affecting children, with an incidence of less than 1% in individuals under 20 years old. Pediatric CRC typically presents with nonspecific symptoms, leading to delayed diagnosis and poorer outcomes compared to adults. Cutaneous metastases in CRC are exceedingly rare, occurring in 0.

Five Years of Long COVID Syndrome: An Updated Review on Cardiometabolic and Psychiatric Aspects.

Five years after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is still a significant number of people who have survived COVID-19 but never fully recovered from the disease. They go through an odyssey of doctor visits and a multitude of diagnostic tests, which ultimately do not provide concrete correlations and answers to the question of how exactly long COVID (LC) affects both physical and mental health, and performance. Often, not even highly technical and highly specialized methods, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can provide further explanation.

Loneliness and susceptibility to social pain mediate the association between autistic traits and psychotic experiences in young non-clinical adults.

Understanding of the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of psychotic experiences (PEs) in highly autistic individuals is crucial for identifying appropriate prevention and intervention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of susceptibility to social pain and loneliness in the relationship between autistic traits (ATs) and PEs in adults from the general population of 12 Arab countries. This cross-sectional study is part of a large-scale multi-country research project.

Creating a retinal image database to develop an automated screening tool for diabetic retinopathy in India.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes, is the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide. Given the critical nature of the disease, it is paramount that individuals with diabetes undergo annual screening for early and timely detection of DR, facilitating prompt ophthalmic assessment and intervention. However, screening for DR, which involves assessing visual acuity and retinal examination through ophthalmoscopy or retinal photography, presents a significant global challenge due to the massive volume of individuals requiring annual reviews.

Traumatic myiasis in animals from Iraq: a five years (2019-2023) survey, and a comprehensive epidemiological overview.

The present study surveyed traumatic myiasis cases admitted to the governmental Veterinary hospitals (belonging to the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture) distributed throughout Iraq, between 2019 and 2023, and highlights the epidemiological changes occurred in comparison to the previous situation. A total of 916 cases were detected in various animals from nine governorates, with an annual average of 183.2 cases/year, which is lower than the corresponding value estimated for the period 1996-2000 (23,510 cases/year) or for 2001-2018 (811.

Natural compounds as regulators of miRNAs: exploring a new avenue for treating brain cancer.

Identifying natural substances that regulate microRNAs (miRNAs) has facilitated the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for brain cancer therapy. This work investigates the intricate interaction between miRNA expression and the specified chemicals, aiming to comprehend how natural compounds may modify miRNA profiles to affect carcinogenic pathways. Curcumin and resveratrol are natural compounds that have lately shown anticancer effects.

Multimodality Imaging for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by noncaseating granulomas. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on three criteria: clinical history, consistent imaging findings, and histopathology. Radiologists play an important role for the diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of patients with sarcoidosis, which often require a multimodal approach.

Ethical and regulatory considerations in the use of AI and machine learning in nursing: A systematic review.

Aim: This study systematically explores the ethical and regulatory considerations surrounding the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in nursing practice, with a focus on patient autonomy, data privacy, algorithmic bias, and accountability.

Background: AI and ML are transforming nursing practice by enhancing clinical decision-making and operational efficiency. However, these technologies present significant ethical challenges related to ensuring patient autonomy, safeguarding data privacy, mitigating algorithmic bias, and ensuring transparency in decision-making processes.