Myopia progression in school children with prolonged screen time during the coronavirus disease confinement.

Background: Myopia, the most common refractive error, is a global public health problem with substantial visual impairment if left untreated. Several studies have investigated the association between increased near-work and restricted outdoor activities in children with myopia; however, such studies in children without myopia are scarce. We aimed to monitor the effect of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) home confinement and mandatory virtual learning on myopic progression among myopic and non-myopic school-aged children.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Clinical Overview: A Single Center Study from Saudi Arabia, Eastern Region, Al-Ahsa.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne parasitic disease that is transmitted via the bites of infected female sandflies. CL has been endemic in several countries worldwide for many decades, and numerous cases have been reported in Saudi Arabia, particularly across six regions; one of which is AL-Ahsa. Our research aimed to evaluate the epidemiological situation of CL among the patients in Al-Ahsa, Eastern region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the period from 2017 to 2023.

Treatment response and recurrence of conjunctival melanoma with orbital invasion treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: case report and literature review.

Introduction: Conjunctival melanoma (CM) has genetic characteristics that are similar to primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM). The management of advanced CM with orbital metastasis was limited until the adoption of novel immunotherapy agents that significantly improved the survival of metastatic PCM.

Purpose: To review and compare the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment response in cases reported in the English literature with orbital involvement secondary to CM versus PCM.

Thyroid eye disease in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: clinical profile and correlation with vitamin D deficiency.

Purpose: To obtain clinical data about disease activity and severity of thyroid eye disease (TED) in a tertiary eye hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and to correlate this data with vitamin D levels.

Methods: A clinical observational study was conducted in a specialized eye hospital in Saudi Arabia. It included prospective enrollment of Saudi patients with confirmed TED to evaluate activity and severity according to Clinical Activity Score (CAS) and European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO), respectively, and also for blood investigation, including thyroid profile and vitamin D levels.

Pattern of Uveitis at a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and Comparison with Local Literature.

Purpose: To explore the patterns of uveitis in a main ophthalmic referral center in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of uveitis cases was conducted in a tertiary eye hospital for five years. In addition, a comprehensive review of Saudi publications about uveitis patterns in the literature.

An Assessment of the 10-Year Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Among Saudi Adults Based on the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score.

Background and objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that eventually lead to several acute and chronic complications. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is a major healthcare problem globally as well as in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Predicting and identifying people at high risk for developing T2DM will help implement preventive measures for these individuals.

The association of cosmetic-related lacrimal sac black deposits with primary-acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction and dry eye disease.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of cosmetic-related lacrimal sac black deposits (LSBDs) in primary-acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) biopsies and the role of LSBD in the pathogenesis of PANDO, in addition to their association with dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: A clinicopathological study included all patients who underwent surgical management of PANDO. We excluded patients in whom lacrimal sac biopsy was not taken during the surgery.

Periocular subcutaneous granuloma annulare in a child: A case report.

Purpose: We describe a rare case of annular granuloma involving the eyelid of a child, a 6-year-old male, who presented with multiple subcutaneous nodular lesions involving the upper eyelid of the right eye.

Observations: The slit-lamp examination of the eye was normal. Extra-ocular examination showed a lesion on the dorsal aspect of the right foot, which was resistant to treatment with topical corticosteroids.

Management outcomes of canalicular laceration in children.

Purpose: To report the epidemiological data, clinical profile, management, and outcomes of canalicular lacerations in the pediatric age group in a tertiary eye care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated pediatric patients who underwent canalicular laceration repair in the last 15 years at King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH), Saudi Arabia. Demographics, causes of injury, type of trauma, surgical approach, and outcomes were analyzed.

Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma: An assessment of the T classification of the American Joint Committee of Cancer TNM staging system 8th versus 7th edition.

Purpose: To assess the prognostic values of the T classification of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee of Cancer staging system and compare it to the 7th edition.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients with eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma. The primary outcome measure was the differences between outcomes when tumors were staged with either 7th or 8th edition.

Unilateral Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction, Is It An Amblyogenic Factor?

Background/aims: To evaluate the refractive status, axial length, and prevalence of amblyopia among Saudi children with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (UCNLDO) compared to the unaffected fellow eye.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for children with UCNLDO at two eye institutes in Eastern Saudi Arabia from 2009 to 2015. The outcomes of syringing determined UNCLDO.

Characteristics and management of congenital anophthalmos and microphthalmos at a tertiary eye hospital.

: The purpose of the study is to evaluate demographic data and outcomes of the management of congenital anophthalmia/microphthalmia. : This retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated patients with congenital anophthalmia/microphthalmia managed from 2004 to 2014 at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected on patient age, gender, cause, orbital status, laterality, systemic comorbidities, ocular evaluation, and management (type of surgery, type of orbital implant, and complications).

Dermis-fat graft for anophthalmic socket reconstruction: indications and outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of dermis-fat graft procedure for orbital volume replacement in anophthalmic socket.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed studying all dermis-fat graft surgeries done at King Khlaed Eye Specialist Hospital in the last 10-year period. Sixty-two anophthalmic socket carriers underwent dermis-fat graft during the study period.

Isolated superior oblique muscle extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma: case report.

We describe a rare case of isolated extraocular muscle ocular adnexal lymphoma of a middle-aged female who presented with redness in the left eye associated with progressive proptosis over one year. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit indicated isolated enlargement of the left superior oblique (SO) muscle with an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of (0.77 ± 0.