Investigation of the impact of thirdhand e-cigarette exposure on platelet function: A pre-clinical study.

Introduction: The use of e-cigarettes (ECs) has reached unprecedented levels, due to a variety of reasons, including the misconception regarding their safety. Thus, there have been efforts to characterize the effects of EC exposure, including in the context of thirdhand EC (THEC) on a host of disorders, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: To address this issue, we sought to characterize the effects of THEC on platelet function and thrombus formation, using a novel mouse exposure protocol that resembles real life scenarios.

Sex-Dependent Occlusive Cardiovascular Disease Effects of Short-Term Thirdhand Smoke Exposure.

Introduction: Thirdhand smoke (THS) is associated with many public health and disease concerns, such as respiratory illness, cancer, lipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have previously shown that a moderate to long-term exposure to THS increases the risk of thrombosis. However, whether short-term exposure to THS would produce any effects remains to be discovered.

Predicting thrombotic cardiovascular outcomes induced by waterpipe-associated chemicals using comparative toxicogenomic database: Genes, phenotypes, and pathways.

Hookah, or waterpipe, is a tobacco smoking device that has gained popularity in the United States. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that waterpipe smoke (WPS) is associated with various adverse effects on human health, including infectious diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly thrombotic events. However, the molecular mechanisms through which WPS contributes to disease development remain unclear.

A Novel Antibody Targeting the Second Extracellular Loop of the Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Inhibits Platelet Function.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine or 5-HT) is known to be a weak platelet agonist, and is involved in thrombus formation. While 5-HT cannot induce platelet aggregation on its own, when secreted from the alpha granules, it binds to its G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR; i.e.

Exposure of Mice to Thirdhand Smoke Modulates In Vitro and In Vivo Platelet Responses.

Smoking is a risk factor for a variety of deleterious conditions, such as cancer, respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease. Thrombosis is an important and common aspect of several cardiovascular disease states, whose risk is known to be increased by both first- and secondhand smoke. More recently, the residual cigarette smoke that persists after someone has smoked (referred to as thirdhand smoke or THS) has been gaining more attention, since it has been shown that it also negatively affects health.

Co-expression analysis to identify key modules and hub genes associated with COVID-19 in platelets.

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of cardiovascular occlusive/thrombotic events and is linked to poor outcomes. The underlying pathophysiological processes are complex, and remain poorly understood. To this end, platelets play important roles in regulating the cardiovascular system, including via contributions to coagulation and inflammation.

The Antidepressant Duloxetine Inhibits Platelet Function and Protects against Thrombosis.

While cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, major depressive disorder (MDD) is the primary cause of disability, affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Interestingly, there is evidence that CVD is more prevalent in people with MDD. It is well established that neurotransmitters, namely serotonin and norepinephrine, are involved in the biochemical mechanisms of MDD, and consequently, drugs targeting serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake, such as duloxetine, are commonly prescribed for MDD.

The effect of emerging tobacco related products and their toxic constituents on thrombosis.

Although conventional cigarette smoking is declining, emerging tobacco related products (ETRPs) are currently gaining ground, especially among the youth. These products include electronic cigarettes, waterpipes/hookah, cigars/cigarillo, smokeless tobacco, and heat-not-burn cigarettes. The observed increase in the use of ETRPs is multifactorial and complex but appears to be mainly driven by efforts from the major tobacco companies to reinvent themselves, and present more appealing and allegedly safe(r) tobacco products.

Exposure to Nicotine Vapor Produced by an Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Causes Short-Term Increases in Impulsive Choice in Adult Male Rats.

Introduction: Traditional cigarette use influences cost-benefit decision making by promoting impulsive choice. However, the impact of nicotine exposure via electronic nicotine delivery systems on impulsivity remains unclear. Hence, the present study examined the short- and long-term effects of nicotine vapor on impulsive choice.

The G-protein βγ subunits regulate platelet function.

Aims: G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) tightly regulate platelet function by interacting with various physiological agonists. An essential mediator of GPCR signaling is the G protein αβγ heterotrimers, in which the βγ subunits are central players in downstream signaling. Herein, we investigated the role of Gβγ subunits in platelet function, hemostasis and thrombogenesis.

Vaping while high: Factors associated with vaping marijuana among youth in the United States.

Introduction: The use of e-cigarette and other vaping devices have become popular among youth in US. In addition to nicotine, vaping devices can be used to vaporize marijuana. However, factors associated with vaping marijuana among youth remain unexplored.

The JUUL E-Cigarette Elevates the Risk of Thrombosis and Potentiates Platelet Activation.

Background: Smoking is the main preventable cause of death in the United States and worldwide and is associated with serious cardiovascular health consequences, including thrombotic diseases. Recently, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and, in particular JUUL, have attained wide popularity among smokers, nonsmokers, pregnant females, and even the youth, which is alarming. Interestingly, there is/are no information/studies regarding the effect of JUUL on cardiovascular diseases, specifically in the context of modulation of platelet activation.

Short-Term Exposure to Waterpipe/Hookah Smoke Triggers a Hyperactive Platelet Activation State and Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis.

Objective: Cardiovascular disease is a major public health problem. Among cardiovascular disease's risk factors, tobacco smoking is considered the single most preventable cause of death, with thrombosis being the main mechanism of cardiovascular disease mortality in smokers. While tobacco smoking has been on the decline, the use of waterpipes/hookah has been rising, mainly due to the perception that they are less harmful than regular cigarettes.

The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system.

Hookah or waterpipe smoking or use is an emerging trend in the US population, especially among the youth. The misperception of hookah being less harmful than cigarettes and the availability of different but "appealing" flavors are considered among the main reasons for this trend. Hookah users however are exposed to many of the same toxic compounds/by-products as cigarette users, but at dramatically higher levels, which might lead to more severe negative health effects.

Mouse transient receptor potential channel type 6 selectively regulates agonist-induced platelet function.

While changes in intracellular calcium levels is a central step in platelet activation and thrombus formation, the contribution and mechanism of receptor-operated calcium entry (ROCE) via transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) in platelets remains poorly defined. In previous studies, we have shown that TRPC6 regulates hemostasis and thrombosis, in mice. In the present studies, we employed a knockout mouse model system to characterize the role of TRPC6 in ROCE and platelet activation.

Arhgef1 Plays a Vital Role in Platelet Function and Thrombogenesis.

Background Platelets are the cellular mediators of hemostasis and thrombosis, and their function is regulated by a number of molecular mediators, such as small GTP ases. These small GTP ases are themselves regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors such as Arhgefs, several of which are found in platelets, including the highly expressed Arhgef1. However, the role of Arhgef1 in platelets has not yet been investigated.

Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 16 Is a Negative Modulator of Platelet Function and Thrombosis.

Background Members of the regulator of G-protein signaling ( RGS ) family inhibit G-protein coupled receptor signaling by modulating G-protein activity. In platelets, there are 3 different RGS isoforms that are expressed at the protein level, including RGS 16. Recently, we have shown that CXCL 12 regulates platelet function via RGS 16.

Author Correction: Clopidogrel as a donor probe and thioenol derivatives as flexible promoieties for enabling HS biomedicine.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Bin Geng, which was incorrectly given as Bing Geng. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Clopidogrel as a donor probe and thioenol derivatives as flexible promoieties for enabling HS biomedicine.

Hydrogen sulfide has emerged as a critical endogenous signaling transmitter and a potentially versatile therapeutic agent. The key challenges in this field include the lack of approved hydrogen sulfide-releasing probes for in human exploration and the lack of controllable hydrogen sulfide promoieties that can be flexibly installed for therapeutics development. Here we report the identification of the widely used antithrombotic drug clopidogrel as a clinical hydrogen sulfide donor.

Short-Term E-Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the United States, with smoking being the primary preventable cause of premature death, and thrombosis being the main mechanism of cardiovascular mortality in smokers. Due to the perception that electronic/e-cigarettes are "safer/less harmful" than conventional cigarettes, their usage-among a variety of ages-has increased tremendously during the past decade. Notably, there are limited studies regarding the negative effects of e-cigarettes on the cardiovascular system, which is also the subject of significant debate.

Investigation of a Thromboxane A Receptor-Based Vaccine for Managing Thrombogenesis.

Background: Despite the well-established role for the thromboxane A receptor (TPR) in the development of thrombotic disorders, none of the antagonists developed to date has been approved for clinical use. To this end, we have previously shown that an antibody targeted against TPR's ligand-binding domain inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation, without exerting any effects on hemostasis. Thus, the goal of the present studies is to design a novel TPR-based vaccine, demonstrate its ability to trigger an immune response, and characterize its antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity.

Role of IκB kinase β in regulating the remodeling of the CARMA1-Bcl10-MALT1 complex.

The current work investigates the notion that inducible clustering of signaling mediators of the IKK pathway is important for platelet activation. Thus, while the CARMA1, Bcl10, and MALT1 (CBM) complex is essential for triggering IKK/NF-κB activation upon platelet stimulation, the signals that elicit its formation and downstream effector activation remain elusive. We demonstrate herein that IKKβ is involved in membrane fusion, and serves as a critical protein kinase required for initial formation and the regulation of the CARMA1/MALT1/Bcl10/CBM complex in platelets.

P2Y antibody inhibits platelet activity and protects against thrombogenesis.

Given that platelet hyperactivity is known to give rise to thrombotic disorders, new and/or novel antiplatelet therapies are constantly being developed to add to, or to complement the current arsenal of agents. To this end, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is an important platelet activator that acts by binding to the G-protein coupled P2Y and P2Y receptors. Although the contribution of the P2Y receptor to the genesis of thrombosis is well established, the parenteral arsenal of drugs targeting this receptor in clinical use is limited to cangrelor.