Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms in adults over 60 years of age with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease in different Venezuelan populations.

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease represents a serious public health problem that tends to worsen over time. Among the most important genetic predisposing factors is the presence of the ε4 allele of the apoprotein E gene (APOE). Objective: To determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the APOE isoforms in adults over 60 years old with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease in Gran Caracas and in the indigenous Pemón community of the Kamarata-Kanaimö area, Bolívar State.

Chronic Stress in Cognitive Processes: Cortisol Dynamic Range of Secretion Is Associated with Perception of Unsafety Environment in a Venezuelan Population.

Background: Understanding diurnal secretion of cortisol in association with behavioral attitudes as a result of perception of unsafety environment is a main interest in prospective studies establishing the impact of chronic stress in cognitive processes. Adaptive secretion of cortisol, a biomarker of the hypothalamic-hypophysis-adrenal (HPA) axis, has been correlated with perception of uncertainty in surroundings as a consequence of perseverative cognition and unconscious thoughts.

Objective: To determine whether diurnal secretion pattern of cortisol was associated with behavioral attitudes indexes generated from answers to standardized questionnaires from Panamerican Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) agencies.

Acute toxicity, antinociceptive activity and indole alkaloids of aqueous extract from bark of Aspidosperma cuspa (Kunth) Blake.

Unlabelled: ETNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Aspidosperma cuspa (Kunth) Blake (Apocynaceae) is popularly known as "amargosa" or "cuspa", and its bark is used in folk medicine primarily for pain.

Aim Of The Study: In the present study the acute toxicity, antinociceptive effect and alkaloids of the aqueous decoction extract of the Aspidosperma cuspa bark in mice was investigated.

Materials And Methods: Acute toxicity was tested using a variation of the method described by Lichfield and Wilcoxon.

Ondansetron and metformin-induced gastrointestinal side effects.

Treatment with metformin is associated with a high incidence of gastrointestinal side effects of unknown mechanism. Metformin is a biguanide derivative, which resembles 5-HT3-receptor agonists in its structure. Activation of 5-HT3 receptors is known to induce nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Lesion of caudate-putamen interneurons with kainic acid alters dopamine and serotonin metabolism in the olfactory tubercle of the rat.

1. The existence of functional interrelationships between dorsal and ventral regions of the rat striatum was investigated. Kainic acid (KA) was employed to induce neuronal lesions in the more dorsal striatum, the caudate-putamen (CP).