Development of a simulator for training of fetoscopic myelomeningocele surgery.

Objective: To develop a realistic simulation model for laparotomy-assisted fetoscopic spina bifida aperta (SBa) surgery, to be used for training purposes and preoperative planning.

Methods: The predefined general requirement was a realistic model of an exteriorized uterus, allowing all neurosurgical steps of the intervention. The uterus was modelled using ultrasound and MRI images of a 25 weeks' gravid uterus, consisting of flexible polyurethane foam coated with pigmented silicone.