Additional cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukaemia; an experience from Pakistan.

Objective: To evaluate the presence and characteristics of additional karyotype abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukaemia cases.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplant, Karachi, from May 2010 to September 2016 and comprised diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia patients regardless of age and gender. Baseline cytogenetic evaluation was done on overnight, 24-hrs un-stimulated and 72-hrs stimulated bone marrow cultures, and karyotypes were defined according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature2013.

Angiotensin AT2 Receptor is Anti-inflammatory and Reno-Protective in Lipopolysaccharide Mice Model: Role of IL-10.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to endotoxemic insult is predicted by the infiltration of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, and the release of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines to the site of injury. Earlier, we have demonstrated the role of angiotensin-II type 2 receptor (AT2R) stimulation in reno-protection in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and AKI in C57BL6/NHsd mice. Moreover, AT2R activation has been shown to increase the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), its role in AT2R-mediated anti-inflammation and reno-protection is unknown.

Comparison of mothership versus drip-and-ship models in treating patients with acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: There is controversy if direct to comprehensive center "mothership" or stopping at primary center for thrombolysis before transfer to comprehensive center "drip-and-ship" are best models of treatment of acute stroke. In this study, we compare mothership and drip-and-ship models to evaluate the best option of functional outcome.

Methods: Studies between 1990 and 2020 were extracted from online electronic databases.

Antibacterial activity and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by microalgae.

Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using microalgae is novel and cost-effective approach. We studied production, molecular characterization, and antibacterial activity. Filtrates of isolated microalgae strain ZAA1 (MF140241), ZAA2 (MF114592) and ZAA3 (MF114594) were used.

Tissue distribution and cellular localization of gold nanocarriers with bound oligonucleotides.

The aim of the study was to determine how the addition of a DNA oligonucleotide cargo to 3-nm gold glyconanoparticles would affect tissue distribution. Gold glyconanoparticles with 1-6 covalently bound oligonucleotides (40 nt dsDNA) were injected into rats and allowed to circulate for 10 min. Organs were harvested and gold quantitated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor: A Target for Protection Against Hypertension, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Organ Remodeling.

The renin-angiotensin system is of vital significance not only in the maintenance of blood pressure but also because of its role in the pathophysiology of different organ systems in the body. Of the 2 Ang II (angiotensin II) receptors, the ATR (Ang II type 1 receptor) has been extensively studied for its role in mediating the classical functions of Ang II, including vasoconstriction, stimulation of renal tubular sodium reabsorption, hormonal secretion, cell proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The other receptor, ATR (Ang II type 2 receptor), is abundantly expressed in both immune and nonimmune cells in fetal tissue.

The Stanford stereotactic radiosurgery experience on 7000 patients over 2 decades (1999-2018): looking far beyond the scalpel.

Objective: The CyberKnife (CK) has emerged as an effective frameless and noninvasive method for treating a myriad of neurosurgical conditions. Here, the authors conducted an extensive retrospective analysis and review of the literature to elucidate the trend for CK use in the management paradigm for common neurosurgical diseases at their institution.

Methods: A literature review (January 1990-June 2019) and clinical review (January 1999-December 2018) were performed using, respectively, online research databases and the Stanford Research Repository of patients with intracranial and spinal lesions treated with CK at Stanford.

Effect of Short-Term Tacrolimus Exposure on Rat Liver: An Insight into Serum Antioxidant Status, Liver Lipid Peroxidation, and Inflammation.

Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressive drug, optimally used for liver, kidney, and heart transplant to avoid immune rejection. In retrospect, a multitude of studies have reported effects of TAC, such as nephrotoxicity, diabetes, and other complications. However, limited information is available regarding short-term exposure of TAC on the liver.

Pretomanid: A novel therapeutic paradigm for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is currently an anticipated driver of pandemic diseases. It remains an imminent issue accounting for about 1.4 million deaths annually across the world.

Rare Presentation of Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient With Subclinical Hypothyroidism.

Cardiovascular effects of hypothyroidism include bradycardia, diastolic hypertension, atrial fibrillation, prolonged QT interval leading to torsades de pointes, varying degrees of AV block, accelerated coronary artery disease, and pericardial effusion. Cardiac tamponade is rare in patients with hypothyroidism because of pericardial distensibility and slow accumulation of fluid. The amount and rate of accumulation of pericardial effusion are related to the severity of hypothyroidism.

Epidemiology screening and genotyping analysis for Hepatitis B virus in Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global human pathogen that can cause life-threatening liver disease including persistent hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular cancer. The aim of this present study was to investigate the infection of HBV epidemiology and also examine the HBsAg genotype distribution in the southwestern region of Jizan city in the Saudi Arabia. Since 2015-2018, epidemiological study has been conducted within the city premises of Jazan region.

Utilisation of blood products at a centre in Pakistan. Is donating better than wasting?

The study was designed to investigate the quantity and reasons of wastage of blood products. This was an observational study conducted from February 2018 to February 2019 at the National Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation (NIBD and BMT), PECHS campus. The study was approved by the institutional review board.

Association of hepatitis E seropositivity and altered progesterone levels in pregnant women of low socioeconomic status from capital region of Pakistan.

Objective: To investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection, risk factors and its association with progesterone levels in pregnant women from low socioeconomic background.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, from January to July 2012, and comprised pregnant asymptomatic healthy females from different clinics and hospitals of the twin cities. Data was collected using a predesigned demographic questionnaire to determine socioeconomic status.

The ClpP activator ONC-212 (TR-31) inhibits BCL2 and B-cell receptor signaling in CLL.

Despite advances in therapy, a significant proportion of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) relapse with drug resistant disease. Novel treatment approaches are required, particularly for high risk disease. The imipridones represent a new class of cancer therapy that has been investigated in pre-clinical and clinical trials against a range of different cancers.

Terpyridine-metal complexes: effects of different substituents on their physico-chemical properties and density functional theory studies.

A series of different substituted terpyridine (tpy)-based ligands have been synthesized by Kröhnke method. Their binding behaviour was evaluated by complexing them with Co(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) ions, which resulted in interesting coordination compounds with formulae, [Zn(tpy)]PF, [Co(tpy)](PF), [Fe(tpy)](PF) and interesting spectroscopic properties. Their absorption and emission behaviours in dilute solutions were investigated in order to explain structure-property associations and demonstrate the impact of different aryl substituents on the terpyridine scaffold as well as the role of the metal on the complexes.

Association of interleukin-17 gene polymorphisms with the onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder where multiple cytokines including IL-17A and IL-17F produced by T helper cell 17 (Th17), contribute to its pathogenesis. By initiating inflammatory responses in joints Th17 act as pathogenic driver leading to bone and cartilage destruction in RA patients. Hence, the planned study was aimed to estimate IL-17 gene polymorphism association with RA susceptibility in Pakistani population.

The mitochondrial genome of (Diptera: Dolichopodidae).

The long-legged fly (Genbank accession number: MN840034) belongs to the subfamily Dolichopodinae of Dolichopodidae. The mitogenome of was sequenced, the first representative of the mitogenome of the genus . The mitogenome is 15,019 bp totally, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs and 22 transfer RNAs.

The mitochondrial genome of sp. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae).

The long-legged fly sp. (Genbank accession number: MN604695) belongs to the subfamily Medeterinae of Dolichopodidae. The mitogenome of sp.

Novel cholesterol-dependent regulation of cardiac K subunit expression revealed using histone deacetylase inhibitors.

We recently discovered that the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), increases expression of the sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2; Abcc9) subunit of the ATP-sensitive K (K ) channel in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, the increase in SUR2 was abolished with exogenous cholesterol, suggesting that cholesterol may regulate channel expression. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that TSA increases SUR2 by depleting cholesterol and activating the sterol response element binding protein (SREBP) family of transcription factors.

Particulate β-glucan activates early and delayed phagosomal maturation and autophagy within macrophage in a NOX-2 dependent manner.

Aims: Macrophage is known to readily engulf any particulate material they encounter, including invading microbes and nano- or micro-particles. While recent studies show that some microparticles (MP) are immunogenic even without drug-cargo, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is yet unclear. Phagocytosis induces NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) mediated ROS generation that is reported to regulate antibacterial autophagy.