Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula: two case reports.

Background: The incidence of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is 1 out of 3000-5000 live births. Its incidence in lower middle income countries is not known. The infants usually present with excessive secretions or choking while feeding and are at risk for aspiration.

Osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII: highlighting the need for genetic testing.

We report a severe form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type VIII from a lower-middle income country. This is the first case report of this type in Tanzania. The term neonate was delivered normally via spontaneous vaginal delivery and presented at the neonatal unit with features of shortened limb girdles and macrocephaly.

Late diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a case report.

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia beyond the neonatal period is not uncommon. Its diagnosis in infancy and early childhood poses a challenge owing to different clinical presentation ranging from gastrointestinal to respiratory symptoms. These neonates are usually misdiagnosed as having pneumonia until radiological imaging picks up the defect during routine scan for worsening respiratory symptoms.

Magnitude and associated factors of anti-retroviral therapy adherence among children attending HIV care and treatment clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Introduction: The HIV pandemic continues to contribute significantly towards childhood mortality and morbidity. The up-scaling of the Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) access has seen more children surviving and sanctions great effort be made on ensuring adherence. Adherence is a dynamic process that changes over time and is determined by variable factors.

An 8-year-old-girl with juvenile dermatomyositis and autoimmune thyroiditis in Tanzania: a case report.

Background: Juvenile dermatomyositis is an inflammatory disease of muscles, skin, and blood vessels of unknown cause affecting all age and ethnic groups, with a reported incidence of 1.9-4.1 per million.

Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets Diagnostics and Treatment Challenges at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania.

Unlabelled: . Rickets is softening of bones caused by defective mineralization of the cartilage in the epiphyseal growth plate, causing widening of the ends of long bones, growth retardation, and skeletal deformities in children. It can be classified into calciopenic and phosphopenic, each type with various subclasses.

A population health perspective on artificial intelligence.

The burgeoning field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to profoundly impact the public's health. Yet, to make the most of this opportunity, decision-makers must understand AI concepts. In this article, we describe approaches and fields within AI and illustrate through examples how they can contribute to informed decisions, with a focus on population health applications.