Pentaketides and 5--Hydroxyphenyl-2-pyridone Derivative from the Culture Extract of a Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus KUFA0732.

Five undescribed pentaketide derivatives, ()-6,8-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3,4-dihydro-1-2-benzopyran-1-one (), [(3,4)-3,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-4,5-dimethyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1-isochromen-3-yl]methyl acetate (), ()-5, 7-dimethoxy-3-((-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dimethylisobenzofuran-1(3)-one (), ()-7-hydroxy-3-(()-1-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-3,4-dimethylisobenzofuran 1(3)-one (), and a -hydroxyphenyl-2-pyridone derivative, avellaneanone (), were isolated together with the previously reported ()-3-acetyl-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,4-dimethylisobenzofuran-1(3)-one (), ()-7-hydroxy-3-(()-1-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-3,4-dimethylisobenzofuran-1(3)-one () and isosclerone (), from the ethyl acetate extract of a culture of a marine sponge-derived fungus, KUFA0732. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR, as well as high-resolution mass spectral analyses. The absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons in , , , and were established by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

New Hybrid Phenalenone Dimer, Highly Conjugated Dihydroxylated C Steroid and Azaphilone from the Culture Extract of a Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus, KUFA 1767.

An undescribed hybrid phenalenone dimer, talaropinophilone (), an unreported azaphilone, 7--pinazaphilone B (), an unreported phthalide dimer, talaropinophilide (), and an undescribed 9,15-dihydroxy-ergosta-4,6,8 (14)-tetraen-3-one () were isolated together with the previously reported bacillisporins A () and B (), an azaphilone derivative, Sch 1385568 (), 1-deoxyrubralactone (), acetylquestinol (), piniterpenoid D () and 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylphthalaldehydic acid () from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of a marine sponge-derived fungus, KUFA 1767. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR as well as high-resolution mass spectral analyses. The absolute configuration of C-9' of and was revised to be 9' using the coupling constant value between C-8' and C-9' and was confirmed by ROESY correlations in the case of .

New Alkylpyridinium Anthraquinone, Isocoumarin, C-Glucosyl Resorcinol Derivative and Prenylated Pyranoxanthones from the Culture of a Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus, KUFA 2017.

An unreported isocoumarin, (,4)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxymellein (), an undescribed propylpyridinium anthraquinone (), and an unreported C-glucosyl resorcinol derivative, acetyl carnemycin E (), were isolated, together with eight previously reported metabolites including -hydroxybenzaldehyde (), 1,3-dimethoxy-8-hydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone (), 1,3-dimethoxy-2,8-dihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone (), emodin (), 5[(3,5)-nona-3,5-dien-1-yl]benzene (), carnemycin E (), tajixanthone hydrate () and 15-acetyl tajixanthone hydrate (), from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of a marine sponge-derived fungus, KUFA 2017. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and high resolution mass spectral analyses. In the case of , the absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons were determined by comparison of their calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.

Religious and secular spirituality: Methodological implications of definitions for health research.

The importance of spirituality as a research topic has been increasingly recognized, which has led to several studies on the topic. Areas including psychology, medicine, and nursing have produced studies on spirituality under a plurality of definitions and methods, which reveals the complexity of the theme. However, this has resulted in a range of potential problems, including: (1) the use of overlapping and contradictory terms between studies, or even within the same study, (2) research methodologies that do not fit the definitions (sometimes unreflectively) assumed by the authors, (3) difficulties, or even the impossibility, of comparing the results of studies, (4) controversies in respect of the inclusion/exclusion of secular groups in research on spirituality, and (5) ambiguous measurements, often being exclusively dependent on each participant's individual interpretation of what spirituality means.

[Memory of policies and practices in harm reduction: an interview with Fatima Machado].

This interview addresses the trajectory of harm reduction policies and practices in Brazil, in the words of harm reducer Fatima Machado. Harm reduction emerged in the 1980s in Europe, it began in Brazil in 1989 as a strategy to prevent aids among injection drug users, and then diversified and expanded. This interview focuses on the early years of developing these innovative practices and questions their current developments.

Simultaneous changes in visual acuity, cortical population receptive field size, visual field map size, and retinal thickness in healthy human aging.

Healthy human aging is associated with a deterioration of visual acuity, retinal thinning, visual field map shrinkage and increasing population receptive field sizes. Here we ask how these changes are related to each other in a cross-sectional sample of fifty healthy adults aged 20-80 years. We hypothesized that age-related loss of macular retinal ganglion cells may lead to decreased visual field map sizes, and both may lead to increased pRF sizes in the cortical central visual field representation.

Prenylated phenylbutyrolactones from cultures of a marine sponge-associated fungus Aspergillus flavipes KUFA1152.

Four undescribed prenylated phenylbutyrolactones, aspulvinones R, S, T and U, were isolated together with the previously reported aspulvinones A, B', H and 4-hydroxy-3,5-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzaldehyde, from cultures of the marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus flavipes KUFA1152. The structures of the undescribed compounds were established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS spectra. In the case of aspulvinone T, the absolute configuration of its stereogenic carbon was established by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.

A knowledge discovery methodology from EEG data for cyclic alternating pattern detection.

Background: Detection and quantification of cyclic alternating patterns (CAP) components has the potential to serve as a disease bio-marker. Few methods exist to discriminate all the different CAP components, they do not present appropriate sensitivities, and often they are evaluated based on accuracy (AC) that is not an appropriate measure for imbalanced datasets.

Methods: We describe a knowledge discovery methodology in data (KDD) aiming the development of automatic CAP scoring approaches.

A-phases subtype detection using different classification methods.

Cyclic alternating patterns (CAPs) occur during normal sleep, but higher CAP rates are associated with abnormal conditions, such as epilepsy. Efficient automatic classification of CAP A-phase sub-types would be of remarkable importance for the consideration of CAP as a disease bio-marker. This paper reports a multi-step methodology for the classification of A-phases subtypes.

Characterization of metformin by-products under photolysis, photocatalysis, ozonation and chlorination by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Metformin (MTF) is the most widely prescribed drug for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Studies involving the removal of MTF from aqueous solutions and detailed information regarding the overall degradation process are scarce.

Methods: The degradation of MTF in aqueous solution induced by direct photolysis, photocatalysis, ozonation and chlorination was evaluated.

Automatic identification of Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) sequences based on the Teager Energy Operator.

The Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) is a periodic cerebral activity prevalent during Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep-stages. The CAP is composed by A-phases that are related to a change in amplitude, frequency or both from the background activity epochs, called B-phases. Depending on the type of increase the A-phase could be classified as A1, A2 or A3 subtype.

[Health services utilization by the adult population in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: a cross-sectional study].

The aim was to describe healthcare utilization by adults in a Brazilian city. The outcomes were medical appointments in the previous month and use of public (Unified National Health System - SUS) versus private healthcare services. A population-based cross-sectional study with 1,098 adults aged 20 years or over was carried out.