Progressive loss of corneal nerve fibers is associated with physical inactivity and glucose lowering medication associated with weight gain in type 2 diabetes.

Aims/introduction: Limited studies have identified risk factors linked to the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes. This study examined the association of risk factors with change in neuropathy measures over 2 years.

Materials And Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes (n = 78) and controls (n = 26) underwent assessment of clinical and metabolic parameters and neuropathy using corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), vibration perception threshold (VPT), and the DN4 questionnaire at baseline and 2 year follow-up.

Association of Cerebral Ischemia With Corneal Nerve Loss and Brain Atrophy in MCI and Dementia.

Introduction: This study assessed the association of cerebral ischemia with neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Methods: Subjects with MCI, dementia and controls underwent assessment of cognitive function, severity of brain ischemia, MRI brain volumetry and corneal confocal microscopy.

Results: Of 63 subjects with MCI ( = 44) and dementia ( = 19), 11 had no ischemia, 32 had subcortical ischemia and 20 had both subcortical and cortical ischemia.

Insulin resistance limits corneal nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control.

Aims/introduction: This study aimed to investigate whether insulin resistance (IR) in individuals with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control determines the extent of improvement in neuropathy.

Materials And Methods: This was an exploratory substudy of an open-label, randomized controlled trial of individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide and pioglitazone or insulin to achieve a glycated hemoglobin <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol).

Painful diabetic neuropathy is associated with increased nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control.

Aims/introduction: Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (pDPN) is associated with small nerve fiber degeneration and regeneration. This study investigated whether the presence of pDPN might influence nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control.

Materials And Methods: This exploratory substudy of an open-label randomized controlled trial undertook the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 questionnaire and assessment of electrochemical skin conductance, vibration perception threshold and corneal nerve morphology using corneal confocal microscopy in participants with and without pDPN treated with exenatide and pioglitazone or basal-bolus insulin at baseline and 1-year follow up, and 18 controls at baseline only.

Oxycodone injections not paired with conditioned place preference have little effect on the hippocampal opioid system in female and male rats.

Oxycodone (Oxy) conditioned place preference (CPP) in Sprague Dawley rats results in sex-specific alterations in hippocampal opioid circuits in a manner that facilitates opioid-associative learning processes, particularly in females. Here, we examined if Oxy (3 mg/kg, I.P.