The effects of preemptive tramadol and dexmedetomidine on shivering during arthroscopy.

Background: Shivering, the rate of which in regional anesthesia is 39% is an undesired complication seen postoperatively.

Aims: This study aims to compare the ability of preventing the shivering of preemptive tramadol and dexmedetomidine during the spinal anesthesia (SA).

Methods: A total of 90 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, aged 18-60 years and undergoing elective arthroscopic surgery with SA were divided into three groups randomly.

Cardiovasular changes after placement of a classic endotracheal tube, double-lumen tube, and Laryngeal Mask Airway.

Study Objective: To compare hemodynamic responses, P wave dispersion (Pd), and QT dispersion (QTd) after placement of a classic endotracheal tube (ETT), double-lumen tube (DLT), or Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA).

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Outpatient surgery center.

Dexmedetomidine-ketamine and midazolam-ketamine combinations for sedation in pediatric patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a randomized prospective study.

Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) requires sedation in pediatric patients. Dexmedetomidine is a relatively new agent used for sedation. The aim of this randomized prospective study was to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine-ketamine and midazolam-ketamine combinations on the recovery time, hemodynamic and respiratory variables, and side effects in pediatric patients undergoing ESWL.