Is there a safe no radiation option for endoscopic kidney stone treatment in children? multicenter results of modified retrograde intrarenal surgery without fluoroscopy in pediatric patients.

The practice of fluoroscopy during pediatric endoscopic kidney stone procedures requires attention because of radiation concerns that demand new treatment methods. This study aimed to present the multicentric results of single guide wire flexible ureterorenoscopy (URS) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) procedures without fluoroscopy and an ureteral access sheath (UAS) in treating kidney stones in pediatric patients. Moreover, we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure to ascertain the feasibility of this radiation-free therapeutic intervention for treating kidney stones in children.