The Correlation Between Progesterone and Mammographic Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis.

Higher mammographic breast density in premenopausal and postmenopausal women is related to a higher breast cancer risk. In this review, we analyze the correlation between estrogen, progesterone, and mammographic density in postmenopausal women and clarify whether these findings are consistent across different types of mammographic breast density. We extracted data concerning mammographic density increases in the populations treated with estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy and those treated with estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy.

EMAS position statement: Vitamin D and menopausal health.

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that vitamin D has widespread tissue effects. In addition to osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, infections and neurodegenerative disease. However, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on non-skeletal outcomes requires clarification, especially in postmenopausal women.

Menopause, wellbeing and health: A care pathway from the European Menopause and Andropause Society.

This care pathway from the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) provides an updated pathway for monitoring and guidance of women at midlife, focusing on those approaching the end of the reproductive life-cycle, going through the menopausal transition and beyond. The care pathway is written by professionals involved in women's health and provides a stepwise individualized approach, stratified according to needs, symptoms and reproductive stage. Furthermore, the pathway provides details on screening for chronic diseases related to menopause and ageing.

The essential menopause curriculum for healthcare professionals: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) position statement.

Introduction: The menopause, or the cessation of menstruation, is a stage of the life cycle which will occur in all women. Managing perimenopausal and postmenopausal health is a key issue for all areas of healthcare, not just gynecology.

Aim: To provide recommendations for the curriculum of education programs for healthcare professionals worldwide, so that all can receive high quality training on menopause.

Global consensus recommendations on menopause in the workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) position statement.

Introduction: Worldwide, there are 657 million women aged 45-59 and around half contribute to the labor force during their menopausal years. There is a diversity of experience of menopause in the workplace. It is shaped not only by menopausal symptoms and context but also by the workplace environment.

Topical estrogens and non-hormonal preparations for postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy: An EMAS clinical guide.

Introduction: Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a chronic condition caused by estrogen deficiency. It affects around 50% of postmenopausal women, reducing their general and sexual quality of life as well as the quality of their personal relationships.

Aim: The aim of this clinical guide is to set out an individualized approach to the management of VVA with topical estrogens and non-hormonal preparations.

Management of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women: An EMAS clinical guide.

Introduction: The prevalence of urinary incontinence and of other lower urinary tract symptoms increases after the menopause and affects between 38 % and 55 % of women aged over 60 years. While urinary incontinence has a profound impact on quality of life, few affected women seek care.

Aim: The aim of this clinical guide is to provide an evidence-based approach to the management of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women.

The Mediterranean diet and menopausal health: An EMAS position statement.

Introduction: Globally, 985 million women are aged 50 and over, leading to increasing concerns about chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, dementia, and cognitive decline, which can adversely affect quality of life and independent living.

Aim: To evaluate the evidence from observational studies and randomized trials on the effects of the Mediterranean diet on short- and long-term menopausal health: estrogen deficiency symptoms, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cognitive and mental health, breast cancer, and all-cause mortality.

Materials And Methods: Literature review and consensus of expert opinion.

Menopause symptom management in women with dyslipidemias: An EMAS clinical guide.

Introduction: Dyslipidemias are common and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The menopause transition is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile, with an increase in the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and potentially lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], and a decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).

Aim: The aim of this clinical guide is to provide an evidence-based approach to management of menopausal symptoms and dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women.

Management of depressive symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: EMAS position statement.

Introduction: Globally, the total number of people with depression exceeds 300 million, and the incidence rate is 70 % greater in women. The perimenopause is considered to be a time of increased risk for the development of depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes.

Aim: The aim of this position statement is to provide a comprehensive model of care for the management of depressive symptoms in perimenopausal and early menopausal women, including diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

The impact of serum FSH and estradiol on postmenopausal osteoporosis related to time since menopause.

Aim: To determine the impact on osteopenia/osteoporosis of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol levels and time since menopause in a group of Turkish postmenopausal women.

Methods: Four hundred and thirty-three healthy postmenopausal women seen at the Marmara University Menopause Outpatient Clinic were enrolled for this prospective cohort study. The women were allocated to one of three groups according to the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and total hip, as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Follicular dominance on the fifth day of controlled ovarian stimulation reduces implantation in long down-regulated ICSI cycles.

Objective: To determine if follicular dominance on the fifth day of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) predicts implantation rates in down-regulated intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles.

Study Design: One hundred and sixty-two consecutive women undergoing ICSI treatment with long down-regulation and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone injections were included in a prospective cohort analysis. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rates per transfer were compared between two groups, one with and the other without follicular dominance detected by ultrasound on the fifth day of COS.

Relation of body fat distribution to femoral neck bone density and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women.

Objective: Menopause is associated with accelerated bone loss, a decrease in lean mass, an increase and redistribution of fat mass in the trunk region. Trunk obesity has been considered as a risk factor for endometrial cancer. We aimed to determine if body composition and fat distribution are determinants of femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and endometrial thickness in healthy postmenopausal women.

Plasma markers of NO synthase activity in women after ovarian hyperstimulation: influence of estradiol on ADMA.

The beneficial effects of estrogen on vasculature are partially explained by an estrogen-induced increase in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of NO synthase. In the present study, the effect of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on ADMA and NO synthesis was investigated both in vivo and in vitro.

Intercycle variabilities of basal antral follicle count and ovarian volume in subfertile women and their relationship to reproductive aging: a prospective study.

Background: Reproducibility is an important issue when using tests for estimating ovarian reserve and counseling patients. However, little is known about the intercycle variabilities of basal antral follicle count and ovarian volume. In this prospective study, we analysed the intercycle variabilities of the antral follicle count and ovarian volume, and compared them with those of other basal ovarian reserve tests in subfertile patients.

Differential diagnosis of smooth muscle tumors utilizing p53, pTEN and Ki-67 expression with estrogen and progesterone receptors.

Background/aim: To investigate the expression and value for diagnosis of the genes, p53 and pTEN, the protein, Ki-67, and the receptors, estrogen and progesterone, in differentiating smooth muscle tumors of the uterus.

Material And Method: Seventeen samples of leiomyosarcoma, 2 smooth muscle tumors with uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), 9 atypical myomas and 15 leiomyomas were stained immunohistochemically. The chi(2) test was used for the statistical analysis of the data.

Combining cycle day 7 follicle count with the basal antral follicle count improves the prediction of ovarian response.

Objective: To analyze the predictive value of cycle day 7 follicle count (CD7-FC) for poor ovarian response during IVF in women down-regulated with a luteal start of GnRH analogue (long protocol).

Design: A retrospective analysis.

Setting: University hospital.

Apoptosis in the endometrium of postmenopausal women receiving tibolone.

Background/aim: Tibolone, a synthetic derivative of the 19-nortestosterone family, induces atrophy of the endometrium, especially via its progestogenic Delta(4) isomer. The aim of the study was to determine whether tibolone induces apoptosis in the endometrium of postmenopausal women.

Methods: Twenty healthy postmenopausal women (mean age +/- SD 52.

Incidental carcinoid of appendix in cesarean section.

A case with carcinoid tumor of the appendix was encountered incidentally during an elective cesarean section. The tumor was discovered as a result of the routine exploration of the whole abdomen. The investigation for metastasis proved no evidence of spread and the patient was treated solely by surgery.

Clinical, endocrine and metabolic effects of metformin added to ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate in non-obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Oral contraceptive pills (OC) are usually the first choice of treatment for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), when fertility is not desired. However, they do not improve, or may even further induce impairment of insulin sensitivity, which is already impaired in women with PCOS. In this prospective, randomized study, we analysed the additional benefits of adding metformin to the OC treatment in non-obese women with PCOS.