Serum progranulin to TNF-α ratio in patients with gonarthrosis.

Objective: Progranulin (PGRN) is a growth factor that has antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive, and chondroprotective effects. It blocks Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) signal pathway by binding its receptor. Recently, it has been claimed that PGRN may be overexpressed in patients with Osteoarthritis (OA).

Elevated lipocalin-2 level in aqueous humor of patients with central retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To assess the concentrations of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in the serum and the aqueous humor of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods: The concentrations of LCN2 in the serum and aqueous humor of 16 cataract patients and 16 patients with CRVO with macular edema were compared. Collection of aqueous samples was conducted in the operating theater under sterile conditions and just prior to intravitreal ranibizumab injection or cataract surgery.