Microorganisms isolated from the bile of the patients who have undergone cholecystectomy and their antibiotic resistance pattern: multicenter prospective study.

Background: Gallbladder and biliary tract infections are diseases with high mortality rates if they are not treated properly. Microbiological evaluation of perioperatively collected samples both ensures proper treatment of patients and guides empirical treatment due to the determination of microorganism susceptibility.

Aims: This study aimed to isolate the microorganisms in bile cultures from patients who underwent cholecystectomy and to determine sensitivity results of these microorganisms.

The effect of thymoquinone coating on adhesive properties of polypropylene mesh.

Background: An incisional hernia is a common complication following abdominal surgery. Polypropylene mesh is frequently used in the repair of such defects and has nearly become the standard surgical treatment modality. Though they are very effective in reducing recurrence, mesh materials exhibit a strong stimulating effect for intraabdominal adhesion.

Recommendations for intra-abdominal infections consensus report.

Guidelines include the recommendations of experts from various specialties within a topic in consideration of data specific to each country. However, to date there has not been a guideline standardizing the nomenclature and offering recommendations for intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) in Turkey. This is mainly due to the paucity of laboratory studies regarding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of IAIs or the sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from patients with IAIs.

The Effect of Simvastatin on Pulmonary Damage in Experimental Peritonitis in Rats.

Statins are widely used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, as they inhibit cholesterol synthesis. They also have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and positive endothelial-functional effects. It is hypothesized that simvastatin ameliorates pulmonary damage secondary to peritonitis in rats.

A rare cause of mechanical intestinal obstruction: Pharmacobezoar.

A bezoar is a hard, and solid, foreign body located in the gastrointestinal tract that may recur. Bezoar is classified according to its origin. Pharmacobezoars develop in the gastrointestinal tract due to alterations in anatomical structure and/or intestinal motility.

Protective effect of hypothermia in a blunt thoracic trauma and hemorrhagic shock model.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of volume-controlled hemorrhage and hypothermia on rats with blunt chest trauma, evaluating bacterial translocation (BT), lung tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels, and erythrocyte deformability (ED).

Methods: In our study, 10 animals each were included in 6 groups. Groups were as follows: a group with blunt chest trauma only (Group T), a group with hemorrhage only (Group H), a normothermic group with comorbidity of trauma and hemorrhage (Group NT), a mild hypothermic group with trauma and hemorrhage (Group MH), a moderate hypothermic group with trauma and hemorrhage (Group MoH), and a control group (Group C).

[General approach to penetrating abdominal traumas of Turkish general surgeons: survey of practice].

Background: In patients with penetrating abdominal traumas (PATs), selective non-operative management (SNOM) has been widely accepted. This study was designed to investigate the practice trends among Turkish surgeons regarding SNOM.

Mehtohds: The study was conducted as an online survey.

The value of CRP, IL-6, leptin, cortisol, and peritoneal caspase-3 monitoring in the operative strategy of secondary peritonitis.

Background: We aimed to investigate the impact of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, cortisol, and caspase-3 on the decision of terminating planned abdominal repair in secondary peritonitis.

Methods: Fifteen patients with peritonitis were enrolled into the study. Serum CRP, IL-6, leptin, cortisol, and peritoneal caspase-3 activities were measured.

In vitro S. epidermidis and S. aureus adherence to composite and lightweight polypropylene grafts.

Background: Despite the significant risk of infection, prosthetic graft materials have become indispensable for incisional hernia repair. Composite and lightweight grafts have been developed to overcome adhesion and rigidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro S.

The effect of hypothermia on splanchnic flows and lung in a two-hit hemorrhagic shock model.

Background: To evaluate the effect of hypothermia on bacterial translocation, splanchnic vascular flow, lung tissue weight, and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in a two-hit model of hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: Thirty rats were randomly allocated into three groups of 10 rats each. In the control group (group C), rats were treated without hemorrhage, and normothermia (37 degrees C) was maintained.

Effect of carnitine on cutaneous wound healing in immunosuppressed rats.

Background: The wound is ischemic in nature. Chronic steroid administration impairs wound healing by changing enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. Carnitine supplementation may help to restore the energy deficiency caused by chronic steroid administration in the wound.

Mild hypothermia improves survival during hemorrhagic shock without affecting bacterial translocation.

Background: Accidental hypothermia in patients with hemorrhagic shock (HS) is associated with increased mortality. However, experimental mild and moderate hypothermia has beneficial effects. The mechanisms for beneficial effects of hypothermia have not been completely understood.

[The evaluation of abstracts presented at the 5th Congress of National Trauma and Emergency Surgery].

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate demographics, methodological data and writing style of abstracts presented at the 5th Congress of National Trauma and Emergency Surgery.

Methods: Study design, institutions and number of authors, appropriateness of the title, use of a structured abstract, word count, fluency, accuracy of the statistical evaluation, and conclusionabstract accordance were assessed in 451 abstracts.

Results: Nearly 49% of abstracts were retrospective and 29% were case reports in design.

Effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on peritoneal defense mechanisms and bacterial translocation after administration of systemic chemotherapy in rats.

Aim: To investigate the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on peritoneal defense mechanisms and bacterial translocation after systemic 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) administration.

Methods: Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups; the control, 5-FU and 5-FU + G-CSF groups. We measured bactericidal activity of the peritoneal fluid, phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the peritoneal fluid, total peritoneal cell counts and cell types of peritoneal washing fluid.

Antimicrobial activity of cefazolin-impregnated mesh grafts.

Background: The aim of this study is the preparation and characterization of cefazolin-impregnated meshes (Surgipro; Tyco Healthcare USSC, Norwalk, CT, USA) to be used as antimicrobial devices.

Methods: During the impregnation, poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) solution with cephazolin in dichloromethane was used as coating material. In vitro release experiment was carried out first; later cefazolin-impregnated meshes were evaluated for the characteristics of antimicrobial efficacy and in the last part of the study native and cefazolin-impregnated meshes were implanted in the rats.

[The evaluation of academic emergency department design].

Background: In our study which was based upon a questionnaire, the inner and outer architectural designs of emergency services of Emergency Medicine Departments were investigated.

Methods: In this descriptive study, a standard questionnaire was sent to 26 Emergency Medicine Departments which were operating at that time. In the questionnaire, the internal, external architectural and functional features were questioned.

Effects of different anesthetic techniques on serum leptin, C-reactive protein, and cortisol concentrations in anorectal surgery.

Aim: To compare the effects of intratracheal general anesthesia (ITGA) and regional (saddle block) anesthesia on leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol blood concentrations during anorectal surgery.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients suffering from hemorrhoidal disease, pilonidal sinus, anal fissure, or anal fistula were included the study. Patients were randomly assigned into one of the two groups (n=29).

Oral carbohydrate solution ameliorates endotoxemia-induced splanchnic ischemia.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of a simple carbohydrate solution on splanchnic circulation and bacterial translocation in endotoxemia. Group 1 was sham control; group 2 was starved for 24 hours; in group 3, endotoxin was administrated at the end of starvation; in group 4, carbohydrate solution was administrated via orogastric route for 24 hours; and in group 5, carbohydrate solution was given and endotoxin was administrated at the end of 24 hours. Splanchnic blood flows were recorded and tissue samples were collected for microbiological analyses.

Similar effects of general and spinal anaesthesia on perioperative stress response in patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy.

Surgery induces release of neuroendocrine hormones (cortisol), cytokines (interleukin-6: IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha: TNF-alpha), acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein: CRP, leptin). We studied the effects of general and spinal anaesthesia on stress response to haemorrhoidectomy. Patients were assigned to general and spinal anaesthesia groups (n = 7).

The epidemiology of the railway related casualties.

Background: Railway related accidents and incidents account for 150-200 deaths per 100 million passengers annually in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of these casualties.

Methods: The data about railway related casualties between January 1997 and December 2003 were retrospectively analyzed in Turkey.

[Remarks of 52 physicians participating into 8th Ankara Emergency Rooms (ERs) Meeting 2005 on resuscitative thoracotomy intervention].

Background: The aim of this study was to define the opinions of 52 emergency physicians working in different ERs in Ankara and participated in the 8th Ankara Emergency Meeting 2005, on resuscitative thoracotomy (RT).

Methods: A questionnaire form containing 14 questions was designed for the opinions of physicians on RT. Responders filled in the forms through answering the questions by themselves.

A rat model of polypropylene graft infection caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Background: The aim of this study was to constitute a valid graft infection model with Staphylococcus epidermidis in rats.

Methods: Rats were divided into seven groups. In groups 1 and 2, 2 cm x 2 cm polypropylene grafts were incubated with 10(8) c.

[Prehospital life support in trauma patients: basic or advanced trauma life support].

The controversy between Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) in the prehospital care of trauma patients has not been resolved yet. The purpose of this study was to examine the literature with respect to the type of prehospital care applied to the trauma patients. A total of 76 papers on ATLS and/or BLS for trauma were reviewed regarding the variables such as intravenous catheter application, prehospital fluid resuscitation, transport time, intubation and mortality.

An evaluation of civilian aviation accidents in Turkey from 1955 to 2004.

Background: Documentation and analysis of aviation accidents is very important to improve aviation safety and post-accident survival. In this study we aimed to evaluate the civilian aviation accidents between 1955 and 2003 in Turkey to identify the risk factors for fatal and non-fatal injuries.

Methods: Records of Civilian Aviation Office of The Turkish Ministry of Transportation were retrospectively analyzed.

The effect of colloidal fluid replacement on wound healing in an experimental sublethal hemorrhagic shock model.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different resuscitation solutions on wound healing in an animal model of sublethal hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: Sublethal hemorrhagic shock was established by blood withdrawal until the mean arterial pressure fell to 40 mmHg within 15 min. Animals were resuscitated with four different solutions: group I (n=19) 0.