Molecular Detection of and at Different Stages of Wine Production.

and belong to acetic acid bacteria (AAB), associated with wine spoilage. The timely detection of AAB, thought essential for their control, is however challenging due to the difficulties of their isolation. Thus, it would be advantageous to detect them using molecular methods at all stages of winemaking and storage.

Revolutionizing IBD research with on-chip models of disease modeling and drug screening.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises chronic inflammatory conditions with complex mechanisms and diverse manifestations, posing significant clinical challenges. Traditional animal models and ethical concerns in human studies necessitate innovative approaches. This review provides an overview of human intestinal architecture in health and inflammation, emphasizing the role of microfluidics and on-chip technologies in IBD research.

Comparison of granisetron and palonosetron in triplet anti-emetic prophylaxis in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

Introduction: We compared the efficacy of first-generation granisetron and second-generation palonosetron in triplet anti-emetic prophylaxis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving cisplatin-based high emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, non-randomized, observational study was conducted between June 2018 and December 2021. Patients diagnosed with NSCLC who received triplet anti-emetic prophylactic treatment with aprepitant and dexamethasone plus granisetron or palonosetron before the first cycle of chemotherapy were included in the study.

Shedding Light on Cellular Secrets: A Review of Advanced Optical Biosensing Techniques for Detecting Extracellular Vesicles with a Special Focus on Cancer Diagnosis.

In the relentless pursuit of innovative diagnostic tools for cancer, this review illuminates the cutting-edge realm of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their biomolecular cargo detection through advanced optical biosensing techniques with a primary emphasis on their significance in cancer diagnosis. From the sophisticated domain of nanomaterials to the precision of surface plasmon resonance, we herein examine the diverse universe of optical biosensors, emphasizing their specified applications in cancer diagnosis. Exploring and understanding the details of EVs, we present innovative applications of enhancing and blending signals, going beyond the limits to sharpen our ability to sense and distinguish with greater sensitivity and specificity.

The effects of smoking cessation on the ratios of neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte, mean platelet volume/lymphocyte and monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

The amount of smoking, level of smoking addiction and smoking cessation have effects on blood cells, blood lipid levels, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV)/lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR) and monocyte/high- density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR). Methods In this self-controlled experimental study, we included individuals who applied to a smoking cessation clinic and quit smoking. Their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the amount of cigarettes consumed (pack/year), their Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) results, haemogram values before and 6 months after quitting smoking, NLR, PLR, MPVLR, MHR and blood lipid levels before and after the treatment were compared retrospectively.

Monte Carlo simulation-guided design for size-tuned tumor spheroid formation in 3D printed microwells.

Tumor spheroid models have garnered significant attention in recent years as they can efficiently mimic in vivo models, and in addition, they offer a more controlled and reproducible environment for evaluating the efficacy of cancer drugs. In this study, we present the design and fabrication of a micromold template to form multicellular spheroids in a high-throughput and controlled-sized fashion. Briefly, polydimethylsiloxane-based micromolds at varying sizes and geometry were fabricated via soft lithography using 3D-printed molds as negative templates.

Advancing 3D printed microfluidics with computational methods for sweat analysis.

The intricate tapestry of biomarkers, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vesicles, and nucleic acids within sweat, exhibits a profound correlation with the ones in the bloodstream. The facile extraction of samples from sweat glands has recently positioned sweat sampling at the forefront of non-invasive health monitoring and diagnostics. While extant platforms for sweat analysis exist, the imperative for portability, cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacture, and expeditious turnaround underscores the necessity for parameters that transcend conventional considerations.

3D Breast Cancer Model on Silk Fibroin-Integrated Microfluidic Chips.

To imitate in vivo environment of cells, microfluidics offer controllable fashions at micro-scale and enable regulate flow-related parameters precisely, leveraging the current state of 3D systems to 4D level through the inclusion of flow and shear stress. In particular, integrating silk fibroin as an adhering layer with microfluidic chips enables to form more comprehensive and biocompatible network between cells since silk fibroin holds outstanding mechanical and biological properties such as easy processability, biocompatibility, controllable biodegradation, and versatile functionalization. In this chapter, we describe design and fabrication of a microfluidic chip, with silk fibroin-covered microchannels for the formation of 3D structures, such as MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell spheroids as a model system.

The importance of biglycan, decorin and TGF-1 levels in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Despite Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks among the most deadly cancers worldwide, and currently, apart from a low percentage, targetable molecules have not been identified in its etiopathogenesis. The relationship between the proteoglycans decorin and biglycan, which are present in the extracellular matrix of cells, and transforming growth factor Beta-1 (TGF-B1), has been shown in many cancers. We investigated the significance of these molecules in NSCLC.

Factors affecting the success of CT-guided core biopsy of musculoskeletal lesions with a 13-G needle.

Objective: To determine the value of CT-guided bone core biopsy and investigate factors that affect diagnostic yield and biopsy outcome.

Materials And Methods: The single-centre retrospective analysis included 447 patients who had CT-guided core biopsy with a 13-G needle (Bonopty®) from January 2016 to December 2021. Histological results or ≥ 6 months of clinical and radiological follow-up served as outcome references.

In situ synthesis and dynamic simulation of molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles on a micro-reactor system.

Current practices in synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers face challenges-lengthy process, low-productivity, the need for expensive and sophisticated equipment, and they cannot be controlled in situ synthesis. Herein, we present a micro-reactor for in situ and continuously synthesizing trillions of molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles that contain molecular fingerprints of bovine serum albumin in a short period of time (5-30 min). Initially, we performed COMSOL simulation to analyze mixing efficiency with altering flow rates, and experimentally validated the platform for synthesizing nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 52-106 nm.

Aptamer-Based Point-of-Care Devices: Emerging Technologies and Integration of Computational Methods.

Recent innovations in point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies have paved a critical road for the improved application of biomedicine through the deployment of accurate and affordable programs into resource-scarce settings. The utilization of antibodies as a bio-recognition element in POC devices is currently limited due to obstacles associated with cost and production, impeding its widespread adoption. One promising alternative, on the other hand, is aptamer integration, i.

Microfluidics as a Ray of Hope for Microplastic Pollution.

Microplastic (MP) pollution is rising at an alarming rate, imposing overwhelming problems for the ecosystem. The impact of MPs on life and environmental cycles has already reached a point of no return; yet global awareness of this issue and regulations regarding MP exposure could change this situation in favor of human health. Detection and separation methods for different MPs need to be deployed to achieve the goal of reversing the effect of MPs.

Xenon Difluoride Dry Etching for the Microfabrication of Solid Microneedles as a Potential Strategy in Transdermal Drug Delivery.

Although hypodermic needles are a "gold standard" for transdermal drug delivery (TDD), microneedle (MN)-mediated TDD denotes an unconventional approach in which drug compounds are delivered via micron-size needles. Herein, an isotropic XeF dry etching process is explored to fabricate silicon-based solid MNs. A photolithographic process, including mask writing, UV exposure, and dry etching with XeF is employed, and the MN fabrication is successfully customized by modifying the CAD designs, photolithographic process, and etching conditions.

A Sustainable Solution to Skin Diseases: Ecofriendly Transdermal Patches.

Skin is the largest epithelial surface of the human body, with a surface area of 2 m for the average adult human. Being an external organ, it is susceptible to more than 3000 potential skin diseases, including injury, inflammation, microbial and viral infections, and skin cancer. Due to its nature, it offers a large accessible site for administrating several medications against these diseases.

Label-Free Identification of Exosomes using Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning.

Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from cells, carry various cargo molecules reflecting their cells of origin. As EV content, structure, and size are highly heterogeneous, their classification via cargo molecules by determining their origin is challenging. Here, a method is presented combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with machine learning algorithms to employ the classification of EVs derived from five different cell lines to reveal their cellular origins.

Is single-stage minimally invasive plate fixation safe in open distal radius fractures with metadiaphyseal involvement?: Retrospective evaluation of 54 patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and results of one-stage surgery in Gustilo grade 1 and 2 open distal radius fractures with metadiaphyseal involvement.

Methods: This retrospective study included 54 patients with AO-2R3 and metadiaphyseal involvement according to the AO fracture classification. All fractures were treated with a long volar plate using the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique.

Effect of ozone therapy on neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte ratios, and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis: a self-controlled randomized study.

This retrospective self-controlled randomized study was carried out with the participation of 53 patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis according to the modified New York criteria. The patients who did not receive medical treatment or did not change their medical treatment within the last 6 months were included in the study. There was a statistically significant decrease in the patients' neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, Visual Analog Scale, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index scores measured after ozone therapy.

Smart materials: rational design in biosystems via artificial intelligence.

Industry 4.0 encompasses a new industrial revolution in which advanced manufacturing systems are interconnected with information technologies. These sophisticated data-gathering technologies have led to a shift toward smarter manufacturing processes involving the use of smart materials (SMs).

Benchmarking a Microfluidic-Based Filtration for Isolating Biological Particles.

Isolating particles from complex fluids is a crucial approach in multiple fields including biomedicine. In particular, biological matrices contain a myriad of distinct particles with different sizes and structures. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), for instance, are nanosized particles carrying vital information from donor to recipient cells, and they have garnered significant impact on disease diagnostics, drug delivery, and theranostics applications.

Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty leads to better isokinetic performance.

Background: For decades there have been concerns about patellar resurfacing (PR) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the individual preference of the surgeon is still the main determinant of whether or not resurfacing is applied. According to preference, surgeons can be categorized in 3 main groups of those who usually, selectively, or rarely resurface. The aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled study was to compare the isokinetic performance and clinical outcome of TKAs with PR and without PR.