Does cyclosporine achieve a real advantage for treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children? A long-term efficacy and safety study.

Background: Cyclosporine (CsA) was found to be efficient in decreasing proteinuria in both steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic patients. We aimed to explore the potential long-term benefits and hazards of CsA and their predictors among a large group of nephrotic patients.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we included 197 pediatric patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) of whom 103 were steroid dependent and 94 steroid resistant.

Impact of the cyclosporine-ketoconazole interaction in children with steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome experience serious side effects from steroid therapy. Cyclosporine A (CsA), which is an effective agent in the treatment of steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, is expensive and, consequently, often unaffordable in developing countries. Many studies have documented the benefit of ketoconazole administration in transplant adults treated with CsA.

Long-term effects of cyclosporine in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a single-centre experience.

Background: Because of its potential nephrotoxicity, the long-term use of cyclosporine (CsA) as treatment for nephrotic syndrome (NS) is controversial. The clinical outcome of the patients with NS treated with CsA is unclear.

Methods: This study reports the results of long-term CsA treatment in 117 children with idiopathic NS, who received CsA therapy for more than 2 years (median, 34 months).

Co-administration of cyclosporine and ketoconazole in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome.

Background/aims: The use of cyclosporine A (CsA) in the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome was firstly reported in 1986. On the other hand, many studies have documented the benefit of ketoconazole (keto) administration in renal and cardiac transplant adults treated with CsA, but this co-administration has not been reported in children with minimal change disease (MCD). Thus, deliberate use of keto to reduce the need for cyclosporine is not new, but it is particularly relevant because of the high cost of cyclosporine.

Co-administration of cyclosporine and ketoconazole in idiopathic childhood nephrosis.

The concomitant use of cyclosporine (CsA) and ketoconazole (keto) in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) has never been reported in the literature. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate cost saving, safety, and efficacy of co-administration of keto and CsA in children with NS. The study included 186 nephrotic children receiving CsA therapy.

Concomitant administration of cyclosporine and ketoconazole in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Background: The deliberate use of ketoconazole to reduce the need for cyclosporine (CsA) is not new, but it is particularly relevant because of the high cost of CsA. Many studies have documented this benefit in renal and cardiac transplants, but this co-administration has not been reported in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Methods: This retrospective study included 207 nephrotic patients who were steroid resistant, dependent or frequent relapsers and received CsA therapy.

Effect of concomitant administration of cyclosporine and ketoconazole in children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Background: Focal segmental glomerulonephritis (FSGS) is now the most common primary glomerulonephritis that leads to end-stage renal disease in both adults and children. Cyclosporine (CsA) is a well-known and effective immunosuppressive agent that has become a cornerstone of immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation and it has been used in the treatment of FSGS for over 15 years. The deliberate use of ketoconazole (keto) to reduce the need for CsA is not new, but it is particularly relevant because of the high cost of CsA.