Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Retrospective, Single-Center Experience on the Role of Endoscopy and Outcomes.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common and potentially fatal medical emergency. This study aimed to investigate the frequency, causes, outcomes, and efficacy of endoscopy in the treatment of UGIB at King Fahad Central Hospital in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Between January 2017 and December 2023, a retrospective study was performed including all hospitalized patients with UGIB.

A Rare Case of Pneumomediastinum, Pneumoretroperitoneum and Subcutaneous Emphysema Due to Crystal Methamphetamine Abuse.

Background: Crystal methamphetamine abuse is a growing concern due to its significant adverse effects on various organ systems.

Case Description: This report presents a rare case of pneumomediastinum, pneumoretroperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema resulting from crystal methamphetamine abuse. The exact mechanism linking methamphetamine abuse to pneumomediastinum remains ambiguous.

Port site hernia following transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty.

Most surgical procedures in the past were performed through large incisions. Advancement of laparoscopic surgery has led to smaller incisions and reduction in most of the incision-related complications. However, laparoscopic surgery has its own complications.

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato control measures: a specific focus on vaccines for both definitive and intermediate hosts.

Echinococcosis, a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus tapeworms, presents significant public health challenges worldwide. Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis has substantial health and economic impacts, necessitating effective prevention and control strategies. The present review provides a framework to expand our knowledge regarding key components of echinococcosis prevention and control, including phases, options, targets and available tools as well as current gaps and challenges in the field.

The association between consumption of dairy products and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Background: The effects of dairy products on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unclear. Some studies have revealed the beneficial effects, whereas others found harmful effects of dairy products on the risk of T2DM. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of different types of dairy products with risk of T2DM in Iranian adults.

Impact of psychological wellbeing and academic readiness on early medical student attrition: educators' perspective.

Objectives: Medical school attrition is a complex problem, and improvement can only be achieved through the integrated involvement of all stakeholders. Mental health disorders are perceived to be prevalent among medical students in UAE. This study aimed to explore educators' perspectives on the high rate of early medical school attrition in UAE.

Effect of various flavors in starter diets on growth, behavior, and blood parameters of Holstein calves.

This study investigated the effect of adding various flavors to calf starter concentrates on the performance, behavior, and blood parameters of Holstein dairy calves. The hypothesis was that an optimal flavor enhancer would increase starter intake, improve growth performance, and possibly enable earlier weaning without adverse physiological effects. In Experiment 1, a cafeteria test was conducted with 80 pre-weaned calves to evaluate four synthetic flavor enhancers (salty, sweet, sour, bitter) at levels of 3.

Assessment of endocarditis prophylaxis knowledge and attitudes among healthcare practitioners in Tehran and Hamadan.

Background: Having knowledge of the dental procedures that necessitate endocarditis prophylaxis is of high importance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge level and attitudes of general medical and dental practitioners, dental specialists, and cardiologists in Tehran and Hamadan about endocarditis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 420 general medical and dental practitioners, dental specialists, and cardiologists in Tehran and Hamadan provinces in 2015.

mTOR activation induces endolysosomal remodeling and nonclassical secretion of IL-32 via exosomes in inflammatory reactive astrocytes.

Astrocytes respond and contribute to neuroinflammation by adopting inflammatory reactive states. Although recent efforts have characterized the gene expression signatures associated with these reactive states, the cell biology underlying inflammatory reactive astrocyte phenotypes remains under-explored. Here, we used CRISPR-based screening in human iPSC-derived astrocytes to identify mTOR activation a driver of cytokine-induced endolysosomal system remodeling, manifesting as alkalinization of endolysosomal compartments, decreased autophagic flux, and increased exocytosis of certain endolysosomal cargos.

Loss of miR-145 promotes remyelination and functional recovery in a model of chronic central demyelination.

Strategies for treating progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) remain limited. Here, we found that miR-145-5p is overabundant uniquely in chronic lesion tissues from secondary progressive MS patients. We induced both acute and chronic demyelination in miR-145 knockout mice to determine its contributions to remyelination failure.

Effect of curcumin supplementation on symptoms of anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aim: Curcumin is a polyphenolic natural compound that has been used to treat various ailments such as symptoms of anxiety. However, the findings of studies regarding the anti-anxiety properties of curcumin are controversial. This review aims to evaluate if there are clinical benefits of curcumin in patients with symptoms of anxiety.

TDP-43 proteinopathy in ALS is triggered by loss of ASRGL1 and associated with HML-2 expression.

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy in brain cells is the hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but its cause remains elusive. Asparaginase-like-1 protein (ASRGL1) cleaves isoaspartates, which alter protein folding and susceptibility to proteolysis. ASRGL1 gene harbors a copy of the human endogenous retrovirus HML-2, whose overexpression contributes to ALS pathogenesis.

Beneficial effects of metformin treatment on memory impairment.

Memory issues are a prevalent symptom in different neurodegenerative diseases and can also manifest in certain psychiatric conditions. Despite limited medications approved for treating memory problems, research suggests a lack of sufficient options in the market. Studies indicate that a significant percentage of elderly individuals experience various forms of memory disorders.

Development of Low-Serum Culture Media for the in Vitro Cultivation of S15 Cell Line.

Background: The production of bovine theileriosis vaccine involves in vitro cultivation of schizont-infected cell lines. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used in animal cell culture, including the cell line. However, we aimed to reduce the amount of serum needed for cell culture by modifying the Stoker culture medium with supplements such as excretion factor and serum substitutes.

Structural simulation and performance evaluation of a novel synthesized ZIF in the adsorption of MO from aqueous solutions.

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are desirable materials widely applied as adsorbent for wastewater treatment. This study synthesizes and applies a novel structured ZIF with organic ligand of 2-methyl imidazole and metal salt of copper (II) sulfate as adsorbent. Its morphology and structure were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and mapping analysis.

Multi-scale habitat modeling framework for predicting the potential distribution of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes across Iran's three distinct climatic zones: a MaxEnt machine-learning algorithm.

Ecological niche models (ENMs) serve as valuable tools in assessing the potential species distribution, identifying crucial habitat components for species associations, and facilitating conservation efforts. The current study aimed to investigate the gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) infection in sheep, predict and analyze their ecological niches and ranges, and identify the key bioclimatic variables influencing their distribution across three distinct climatic regions in Iran. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 2140 fecal samples were collected from semi-arid (n = 800), arid (n = 500), and humid-subtropical (n = 840) climates in East Azerbaijan, Kerman, and Guilan provinces, respectively.

Cu-Co Bimetallic Catalyst-based Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Determination of Bisoprolol in Clinical Samples.

Background: Bisoprolol (BIS) is a selective beta-blocker. It has been successfully used to treat hypertension and angina pectoris. An overdose of BIS can lead to serious complications.

Evaluation of Association Between Adenomyosis and Cesarean Scar Defect.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate and compare quantitative factors of the cesarean scar defect (CSD) in symptomatic patients with and without uterine adenomyosis.

Method: This study was conducted as a case-control study. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: with adenomyosis (case) and without adenomyosis (control).

A Deep Learning-Based Ensemble Method for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease using MRI Images.

Recently, the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease has gained major attention due to the growing prevalence of the disease and the resulting costs imposed on individuals and society. The main objective of this study was to propose an ensemble method based on deep learning for the early diagnosis of AD using MRI images. The methodology of this study consisted of collecting the dataset, preprocessing, creating the individual and ensemble models, evaluating the models based on ADNI data, and validating the trained model based on the local dataset.

A confirmatory factor analysis of the Iranian version of the interpersonal communication skills scale among healthcare professionals.

Background: Identifying healthcare professionals' (HCPs) communication skills is crucial to improving patient outcomes. Iranian HCPs' interpersonal communication skills (ICS) were validated using a culturally appropriate and indigenous scale.

Materials And Methods: In November and December 2021, convenience sampling was used to collect data from 170 HCPs.

Spectrum of ultrasound findings in patients with history of breast conservative treatment.

Breast conservative treatment (BCT) is currently accepted as the standard treatment option for breast cancer. Targeted ultrasound helps detect recurrent lesions, postoperative changes, and scarring tissue. In this pictorial essay, we review the ultrasound features of benign (seroma, hematoma, fat necrosis, traumatic neuroma, fibrosis/scarring) and malignant (recurrence, new primary cancer) causes of palpable lumps after BCT and provide images from our patients to illustrate some typical findings of common pathologies.