Metabolomics combined to chemometrics reveals the putative α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory metabolites of ground cherry (Physalis pruinosa L.).

In this work, metabolic profiling of the different parts of ground cherry (P. pruinosa) including fruits, calyces, leaves, stems and roots using UPLC-MS/MS analysis combined to chemometric analysis was attempted. A total of 82 chromatographic peaks belonging to different metabolite classes were identified including terpenes, flavonoids genin and glycosides, withanolides, physalins, sucrose esters, fatty acids and other miscellaneous compounds with withanolides being the most predominant class.

Chemical constituents, Antibacterial and Acetylcholine esterase inhibitory activity of leaves.

The chemical constituents of were investigated. A new neolignan glycoside (1) in addition to nine known compounds were isolated. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) of different fractions and isolates of were evaluated.

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of the essential oils of Conyza linifolia and Chenopodium ambrosioides.

Two essential oil-containing plants growing wildly in Egypt: Conyza linifolia (Willd.) Täckh. (Asteraceae) and Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

Chemical constituents from Tribulus terrestris and screening of their antioxidant activity.

Two oligosaccharides (1,2) and a stereoisomer of di-p-coumaroylquinic acid (3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Tribulus terrestris along with five known compounds (4-8). The structures of the compounds were established as O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→6)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(6→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (1), O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (2), 4,5-di-p-cis-coumaroylquinic acid (3) by different spectroscopic methods including 1D NMR ((1)H, (13)C and DEPT) and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HMQC and HMBC) experiments as well as ESI-MS analysis. This is the first report for the complete NMR spectral data of the known 4,5-di-p-trans-coumaroylquinic acid (4).

Antihyperglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of the methanolic extract of Caralluma tuberculata in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The antihyperglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of the methanolic extract of Caralluma tuberculata were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The antihyperglycaemic activity was assessed by the reduction in fasting blood glucose (54% at 4th week) and the peak of blood glucose at 120?min of an oral glucose tolerance test in diabetic rats. Further, the tested extract also increased plasma insulin by 206.

Antihepatotoxic effect of marrubium vulgare and withania somnifera extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Marrubium vulgare and Withania somnifera are used in folk medicine of several countries. Many researches showed that they are used for the treatment of variety of diseases due to their antioxidant effects. The present aim of this study was to evaluate the antihepatotoxic and antioxidant activities of the both extracts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in rats.

Iridoid glycosides from Barleria trispinosa.

A new iridoid glycoside and three known iridoid glycosides were isolated from the aerial parts of Barleria trispinosa. The structure of the new compound was determined as 6-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-8-O-acetylshanzihiside methyl ester. The known compounds were identified as 6,8-O,O-diacetylshanhiside methyl ester (acetyl barlerin), 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester (barlerin) and shanzhiside methyl ester, which were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Chemical composition, insecticidal and insect repellent activity of Schinus molle L. leaf and fruit essential oils against Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium castaneum.

Fruit and leaf essential oils of Schinus molle showed insect repellent and insecticidal activity against Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium castaneum. In these oils, 65 components were identified by GC-MS analysis. Hydrocarbons dominated the oil composition with monoterpenes occurring in the largest amounts in fruits and leaves, 80.

Antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity of plants from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity of the methanol extracts of 42 plants collected from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and some fractions obtained thereof were evaluated. The antiplasmodial activity was tested in vitro against chloroquine-resistant strain (K1) and sensitive strain (FCR3), and the antitrypanosomal activity was tested in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei brucei GUTat 3.1 strain.

Acylated pregnane glycosides from Caralluma tuberculata and their antiparasitic activity.

Five pregnane glycosides were isolated from Caralluma tuberculata (1-5), in addition to a known one (russelioside E, 6). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by the analysis of NMR data and FAB-MS experiments. All the isolated compounds were tested for their antimalarial and antitrypanosomal activities as well as their cytotoxicity against human diploid embryonic cell line (MRC5).