Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Urinary Tract Infections Associated with Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is mainly due to invasion of the urethra, bladder or kidneys by pathogens. The emergence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) is responsible for frequently observed empirical therapy failures.

Objectives: To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of UTIs caused by ESBL producing Escherichia coli (E.

Gene Xpert for Direct Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Stool Specimens from Children with Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Background: Gene Xpert(GX) is a novel real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay which was endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011 for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and susceptibility to refampicin(RIF).

Objective: To evaluate GX for direct diagnosis of TB in stool samples from children with suspected pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB).

Methods: Children older than one year and younger than 16 years with presumptive PTB were enrolled and classified to five clinical categories based on clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings: confirmed TB, probable TB, possible TB, Unlikely TB, and not TB.