Psychiatry Residents' Attitudes towards Spirituality in Psychiatric Practice in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: This study examined residents' attitudes and practices regarding the relevance of spirituality in psychiatry within Saudi residency training programs; their experiences and comfort levels in addressing patients' spiritual concerns; and their interest and past learning experiences in this area of training and practice.

Methods: This cross-sectional study targeted trainees and recent graduates of residency programs across Saudi Arabia. The study materials consisted of an electronic questionnaire that was adapted with permission.

Alzheimer's Behavioral and Psychiatric Burden in Saudi Arabia: Validation of the Saudi Version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.

Background: The burden of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in dementia (BPSD) has not been characterized in Saudi patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Moreover, the Saudi version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (SNPI) has not been validated.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to validate the SNPI and describe frequency and determinants of BPSD in Saudi AD patients.

Trichotillomania Prevalence in an Arab Middle Eastern Population.

Aim: Trichotillomania (TTM) (hair-pulling disorder) is a relatively rare psychiatric condition. We are aware of no studies of this disorder in Arab Middle Eastern populations. We examine the prevalence and correlates of TTM in a community sample of individuals living in a large port city in western Saudi Arabia.

Prevalence and Correlates of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among College Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly diagnosed in Saudi Arabia, but there is negligible evidence regarding adult ADHD in college students.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and correlates of ADHD among undergraduates at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2280 undergraduate students from 11 colleges at King Abdulaziz University, one of the largest university in Saudi Arabia, were approached in person with a questionnaire that elicited information regarding demographics, education, psychiatric history, health behaviors, and ADHD.

Mind-Body dualism and medical student attitudes toward mental illness in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Philosophical beliefs regarding the origin of mental illness may underlie resistance to psychiatric treatment and affect attitudes toward the mentally ill.

Aim: The present study sought to: (1) identify characteristics of medical students who hold mind-brain dualism (MBD) beliefs and (2) determine relationships between MBD beliefs and perceptions of mental illnesses.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that asked medical students questions about mind-brain beliefs and religiosity.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms: Prevalence and Risk Factors in an Arab Middle Eastern Population.

Background: The present study examined the prevalence of and risk factors for symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in the general population of Jeddah, a large port city in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed a convenience sample of 520 adults. We used a validated self-screening measure to assess BDD, the body dysmorphic disorder questionnaire (BDDQ).

How Relevant is Obstetrician and Gynecologist Gender to Women in Saudi Arabia?

Background: The patient-doctor relationship is one of the most important factors in determining the outcome of healthcare. The first step in establishing this relationship is choosing a physician. This study sought to identify patient preferences concerning the gender of their obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) physician and the effect of religion and society on these choices.

Factors associated with mental health and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Background: Although mental distress and quality of life (QoL) impairments because of the pandemic have increased worldwide, the way that each community has been affected has varied.

Aims: This study evaluated the impact of social distancing imposed by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on Brazilians' mental health and QoL.

Method: In this cross-sectional community-based online survey, data from 1156 community-dwelling adults were gathered between 11 May and 3 June 2020.

Effects of a health education program to promote healthy lifestyle and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic disease with an increase in prevalence within developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a structured educational program for improving lifestyle and health-related measures in Iranians with T2DM.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 80 participants with T2DM who were randomly assigned to either the intervention or a control group.

Moral injury from war and other severe trauma.

Moral injury (MI) is a relatively new syndrome among military personnel with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While MI has received considerable attention in the psychological sciences, the syndrome has received relatively little notice within psychiatry. MI has been defined as the negative emotions that emerge from transgressing moral boundaries by military personnel during combat such as killing enemy combatants or innocent civilians, failing to protect innocents or fellow combatants, or observing others transgress moral boundaries.

Beliefs of cancer patients in Saudi Arabia.

To examine oncology patients' beliefs about the transmissible nature of cancer or its treatments and to determine the correlates thereof. Cross-sectional. Sixty-nine hospital outpatients completed the questionnaire.

Effects of a structured heart failure program on quality of life and frequency of hospital admission in Saudi Arabia.

Objective:  To compare the quality of life (QOL) and frequency of hospital admission (FHA) in the past 4 months between congestive heart failure (CHF) patients involved in a structured heart failure program (HFP) compared with waitlisted controls.

Methods:   This study, employing an ex-post-facto comparative cross-sectional design, involved 80 patients with CHF (40 in the HFP and 40 controls). Those in the HFP had been enrolled for at least 4 months.

Religiosity and Beliefs About the Transmission of Cancer, Chemotherapy, and Radiation Through Physical Contact in Saudi Arabia.

We examined relationships between religiosity and Saudi cancer patients' beliefs about the spread of cancer, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy through close physical contact. Surveyed were 64 patients seen in university oncology clinics. Assessed were beliefs about the spread of cancer and its treatments, along with religious, demographic, social, psychological, and cancer-related characteristics.

Supernatural Explanations of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders Among Health Care Professionals at an Academic Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi society is one of many where supernatural explanations for neurological and psychiatric disorders are prevalent among lay persons. The frequency of such beliefs among health care professionals in this country, however, is unknown. The frequency of supernatural explanations for neurological and psychiatric disorders was assessed in 126 health care professionals at an academic medical center in Jeddah.

Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid psychiatric and behavioral problems among primary school students in western Saudi Arabia.

To determine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), subtypes of ADHD, and psychiatric, academic, and behavioral comorbidity in public primary school students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.  Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A simple random sample of 6 primary government schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was identified (3 male, 3 female), and a random sample of classes in each of grades 1-6 were selected.

A cross-sectional study of anxiety and marital quality among women with breast cancer at a university clinic in western Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To examine relationship between the quality of marital relationship and anxiety among women with breast cancer (BC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a consecutive series of 49 married women with BC seen in the Al-Amoudi Breast Cancer Center of Excellence at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA in early 2013. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Spouse Perception Scale, and Quality of Marriage Index forms, and answered questions on demographic and cancer characteristics.

Punishment for bedwetting is associated with child depression and reduced quality of life.

This study assessed the relationship between parental punishment and depression as well as quality of life in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). A consecutive sample of 65 children (7-13 years) with PMNE and 40 healthy children, selected as controls (Group III), were included in the study. The children with PMNE were further sub-classified into two groups: Group I, which included children who received parental punishment for enuresis and Group II, which comprised children who were not punished for bedwetting.

Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Type 2 Diabetes and Health Promotion Scale (T2DHPS): a diabetes-specific measure of lifestyle.

Background: A healthy lifestyle is important for maintaining health and preventing complications in patients with type 2 diabetes, and yet, few instruments are available to measure this.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometrics of a recently developed tool that can be used to screen for a health-promoting lifestyle in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Data were collected from outpatients attending diabetes clinics.

Impact of maternal breast cancer on school-aged children in Saudi Arabia.

Background: We examine whether mothers with breast cancer told their children about the diagnosis, explore mothers' perceptions of the impact of doing so on the mother-child relationship, and assess perceptions of how this affected the children.

Methods: A convenience sample of 28 women with breast cancer ages 35 to 60 was interviewed using a 39-item close-ended questionnaire at the Al-Amoudi Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria were having a diagnosis of breast cancer and having school-aged children (ages 5 to 16 years).