The Effects of a 10-Week Aerobic and Unilateral Lower Extremity Resistance Training Program on Amplitude and Nerve Conduction Velocity of Sensory and Motor Nerves in Diabetic Patients with Neuropathy.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 10-week aerobic and unilateral lower extremity resistance training on nerve conduction velocity and amplitude of sensory and motor nerves in diabetic patients with neuropathy. This clinical trial was conducted on twenty women and men (aged 30-60 years old) with diabetic neuropathy. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: an exercise group (EG; n = 10) and a control group (CG; n = 10).

Supplementation of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate together could not improve performance and performance-related factors in CrossFit participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: CrossFit includes weightlifting, powerlifting, and gymnastics in various combinations of overloads and repetitions with limited rest periods or no rest between training sets. Due to the novelty of CrossFit, there are few studies on the effect of nutritional strategies on the acute response to this type of sports activity. This study examined the effect of caffeine (CAF) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) ingestion separately and in combination on the performance and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during the Cindy CrossFit workout (Cindy) in CrossFit participants.

Swimming exercise reduces oxidative stress and liver damage indices of male rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation.

Objectives: Hepatic damage caused by oxidative stress is one of the problems associated with the emission of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). In this study, the effects of swimming exercise (SE) on oxidative stress and liver cell damage caused by EMR emission in rats were investigated.

Methods: Thirty-two rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups, including control (C), EMR, SE, and EMR + SE.

Lack of Evidence for Crossover Fatigue with Plantar Flexor Muscles.

The occurrence and mechanisms underlying non-local or crossover muscle fatigue is an ongoing issue. This study aimed to investigate crossover fatigue of the plantar flexor muscles. Sixteen recreationally active males (n = 6) and females (n = 10) visited the laboratory for four sessions and performed a single 5-s pre-test maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) with each plantar flexors muscle.

Improvement of inflammatory status following saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and resistance training in elderly hypertensive men: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: We sought to determine the independent and combined effects of saffron and resistance training on markers of inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly hypertensive patients.

Methods: Hypertensive older men were randomly assigned to a control group (C) or one of three experimental groups [saffron consumption (S), resistance training (R), and resistance training + saffron (RS)] for 12 weeks. Inflammatory markers and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and following the 12-week intervention period.

Effect of eccentric and concentric contraction mode on myogenic regulatory factors expression in human vastus lateralis muscle.

Skeletal muscle contractions are caused to release myokines by muscle fiber. This study investigated the myogenic regulatory factors, as MHC I, IIA, IIX, Myo-D, MRF4, Murf, Atrogin-1, Decorin, Myonection, and IL-15 mRNA expression in the response of eccentric vs concentric contraction. Eighteen healthy men were randomly divided into two eccentric and concentric groups, each of 9 persons.

Comparing the Effects of Rosemary Extract and Treadmill Exercise on the Hippocampal Function and Antioxidant Capacity in Old Rats.

Introduction: A sequence of time-dependent changes can affect the brain's functional capacity.This study aimed at investigating the effects of Forced Aerobic Exercise (FAE) versus the Rosemary Extract (RE) on the learning abilities and oxidative stress modulation in rats.

Methods: Young and old rats received daily FAE and RE for 3 months.

The Combined Effects of 6 Weeks of Jump Rope Interval Exercise and Dark Chocolate Consumption on Antioxidant Markers in Obese Adolescent Boys.

Research has shown that both dark chocolate and exercise training may have favorable effects on antioxidant function in obese cohorts. However, their combined effect has not been established. We assessed the influences of six weeks of dark chocolate consumption combined with jump rope exercise on antioxidant markers in adolescent boys with obesity.

Inflammatory, antioxidant and glycemic status to different mode of high-intensity training in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Exercise has traditionally been used and prescribed as an effective and suitable way to treat type 2 diabetics Mellitus (T2DM). In this regard, we compared inflammatory, antioxidant, and glycemic status to different kinds of high-intensity interval training (strength training, HIIT, and HIIT + ST) in patients with T2DM.

Methods And Results: Fifty-nine T2DM patients (age = 45-60 yrs) were randomly divided to strength training (ST) (n = 15), high intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 16), HIIT + ST (n = 15) or served as control (CON) (n = 13) groups.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in combination with resistance training reduced blood pressure in the elderly hypertensive men: A randomized controlled trial.

Aims: We aimed to determine the independent and combined effects of saffron and resistance training on blood pressure (BP) and some chemical biomarkers in the elderly with hypertension.

Methods: The present study was a randomized clinical trial on hypertensive men aged 60-70 years who were assigned to a control group (CO) and 3 experimental groups; resistance training (RT); saffron (S); and resistance training + saffron (RTS) for 12 weeks. Dynamic resistance training was applied with moderate intensity.

Voluntary wheel running promotes improvements in biomarkers associated with neurogenic activity in adult male rats.

In rodents, hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis phenomena are affected by exercise. However, the role of exercise parameters such as intensity, duration, and mode on molecular mechanisms involved in these processes has not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different intensities and modes of running on the expression of genes contributing to neuronal differentiation and synapse formation in the hippocampus of adult male rats.

Voluntary wheel running stimulates the expression of Nrf-2 and interleukin-10 but suppresses interleukin-17 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system in which the immune cells attack the myelin sheath of the nerves, leading to axonal damage, inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and demyelination of the brain and spinal cord. These detrimental changes cause some impairments, such as depression, motor deficit, and cognitive dysfunction, affecting the quality of life in MS patients and their social activities. The present study assessed the impact of 6-week voluntary exercise prior to disease onset on the expression of Nrf-2, IL-10, IL-17, as well as the degree of lymphocyte infiltration in the spinal cord and disease severity in the chronic period of the EAE (30 days post-induction).

Moderate treadmill exercise improves spatial learning and memory deficits possibly via changing PDE-5, IL-1 β and pCREB expression.

Alzheimer's is a progressive disorder of the nervous system. Prior studies suggested that physical activity contributes to the improvement of cognitive impairment and slows down pathogenesis of AD; however, the exact mechanisms for this have not been fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of aerobic training before and after induction of Alzheimer's on spatial learning and memory, expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (pCREB), and Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) in the hippocampus of male rats Wistar.

High-intensity interval training-induced hypertrophy in gastrocnemius muscle via improved IGF-I/Akt/FoxO and myostatin/Smad signaling pathways in rats.

Objective: It has been shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) leads to skeletal muscle hypertrophy; however, its mechanisms of cellular and molecular regulation are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HIIT on muscle hypertrophy and major signal transduction pathways.

Design: 12 male rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and HIIT.

Resistance training attenuates circulating FGF-21 and myostatin and improves insulin resistance in elderly men with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled clinical trial.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and myostatin have been proposed to be potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance in age-related metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, despite the potential metabolic effect of resistance training on insulin resistance, aging, and T2D; the effect of this type of exercise training on FGF-21 and myostatin in elderly men with and without T2D are unknown. Forty-four elderly men were assigned to either the RT training (RT; without T2D: 12, with TD2 = 10) or the control group (C; without T2D: 12, with TD2 = 10).

Combined exercise training reduces IFN-γ and IL-17 levels in the plasma and the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in women with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder in which lymphocytic infiltration mediated mainly by pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we examined the effect of combined exercise training on the levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in the plasma and the supernatant of peripheral blood lymphocytes in women with multiple sclerosis. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), VO(2)max, muscle strength, and balance tests were obtained at baseline and post-treatment follow-up.